London Journal of Research In Science: Natural and Formal
London Journal of Research In Science: Natural and Formal London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal, is focused on publishing groundbreaking ideas on theoretical and experimental research in all the domains of science including physics, chemistry, and bio-tech. The journal has a dedicated team for reviewing articles of COVID-19 to make sure the research is valid and published first. It provides practical, theoretical, and managerial implications useful for further research development. As a flagship scholarly journal, It is a peer-reviewed, international, indexed journal. The journal publishes high-quality research papers that are double-blind refereed. Authors and readers include academic researchers and educators, as well as scientists. SUBMIT MANUSCRIPT
Advances in Cyclometalated Iridium (III) Complexes: Emerging Strategies and Applications in Anticancer Therapy
Recently, the of organometallic iridium(III) complexes have attracted substantial interests in developing new metal-based antineoplastic drugs and this area of research has been intensively explored. Their various mechanisms of antitumor action are distinct from those of classical metal complexes, approved for clinical application. Different from the anticancer drugs of platinum-group metals, the described iridium(III) complexes principally act by damaging different intracellular organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes etc.), although the results are sporadic and no secure structure-activity relationship studies have been reported. On the other hand, organometallic Ir(III)-based complexes can overcome some of the limitations of Pt-based chemotherapy agents. Although they have only recently received significant consideration, Ir(III) complexes display an assortment of properties that make them exciting as prospective antineoplastic agents. Their chemical reactivity and binding preferences mainly depend on their coordination geometry ligands used. The structures of the metal-based antitumor agents, which consist of metal centers, biologically active auxiliary ligands, and their spatial arrangement, determine their biological profiles and cellular uptake. Amongst the various Ir(III) complexes studied for pharmacological activity, cyclometalated iridium complexes are mostly interesting because of their favorable photochemical and photophysical properties, including high stability under physiological conditions, luminescent properties, high emission quantum yields, long lifetime, large Stokes shifts, spectra ranging from VIS to NIR and affinity to participate in redox processes. That is why, these recognized series of highly luminescent organometallic complexes have been extensively studied for their different photophysical applications, especially as promising photosensitizers or phosphorescent agents in biosensing and biological imaging. A typical organometallic anticancer Ir(III) complex consists of an iridium(III) center bound to two cyclometalated C^N ligands and one N^N ancillary ligand. The modification of the cyclometalated ligands plays a dominant role in controlling the photophysical properties, whereas the alteration of the ancillary ligand allows functionalization with targets for imaging or therapy. Iridium complexes have been developed in order to find out their potential improved properties and better enhancement of the known therapies used.
cyclometalated C^N and N^N ancillary ligand
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Species Richness and Diversity of Soil Arthropods in Major Plantation Crops under Different Farming Practices
The study examining effects of farming practices (Natural farming, Organic farming and Inorganic farming) on species richness and diversity of soil arthropods in major plantation crops (Arecanut, Coconut and Coffee) was conducted under different zones Hilly, Central Dry and Transition zone of Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka from August 2023 to May 2024. Soil arthropods belonging to 12 different orders were collected under 5 classes viz., Entognatha, Arachnida, Insecta, Symphlan and Chilopoda. The highest numbers of individuals was observed in natural farming practice (1256) followed by organic farming (825) and least in inorganic farming (397). The highest number of soil arthropods was recorded in natural farming practice (31.90 individuals per 400g of soil) within the coconut ecosystem followed by organic farming practice 12.39 and lowest in inorganic farming practices with 5.39 individuals per 400g of soil in arecanut and coffee ecosystem, respectively. Shannon Weiner index showed highest diversity in natural farming system 2.13. Whereas, the lowest diversity was recorded in inorganic farming practices (Shannon-Wiener: 0.69). The abundance and diversity showed a significant difference between different farming practices i.e. natural, organic and inorganic farming practices in different zones. Natural farming practices followed by organic farming supported higher diversity indices and abundance of soil fauna compared to inorganic farming practices.
From Infinity and Taiji, Yin-Yang and Heaven-Earth - The Study of 'Existence' in the Philosophy of Cosmic Origins
Space (Yin-Yang Infinity????), the universe (Yin-Yang Taiji????), all things in the world, humanity, and existence (Yin-Yang Heaven-Earth????) are objective realities independent of human subjective consciousness. The universe created matter and humanity; humans are a form of matter. Humans created languages, scripts, numbers, mathematics, coordinate systems, and science, along with philosophy and religion, thereby forming the human system of knowledge and information. The correctness of human-created knowledge and information must be verified through scientific reproducibility and probability. Humans created knowledge and information to explore cosmic truth for survival and existence. However, human-made existence never equates to ultimate truth but perpetually approaches it. Material philosophy and material science allowed humans to understand human society and the three-dimensional material world. Quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity opened the doors to energy philosophy and information philosophy, ushering humanity into cosmic origin philosophy. This complemented human knowledge and information, further expanding the pathways for humanity's contemplation of cosmic truths.
Effect of Temperature, pH, and Salt on Bacteriocin Activity Produced from Different Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
The present study was conducted to assess the effect of temperature, pH, and salt on bacteriocin activity produced from different strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria. On the basis of cultural, biochemical, physiological and morphological identification the Lactobacillus species were identified. Four species of Lactobacillus were isolated from homemade cheese, raw milk, dosa paste, sauce, and curd. Lactobacillus species isolated from the sampled food source include; Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus casei. The bacteriocins activity towards different levels of temperature, pH and salt was recoreded. The results showed that the highest bacteriocin activity was observed at 60�C for 180 min and the lowest bacterial activity was observed at 121�C for 20 min. L.plantarum(P2)� resported the maximum bacteriocin activity.The highest bacteriocins activity was reported at pH-6. Across different bacterial strains tested for pH stability, L. plantarum(P2) reported maximum bacteriocins activity. It was observed that bacteriocins produced from L. brevis reported highest salt tolerance. Across different bacterial strains tested for salt tolerence, L. brevis reported maximum bacteriocins activity. The bacteriocin produced from LAB in the current experiment show resistance to pH, heat, and different organic solvents, thus this bacteriocin opened the prospect for its utilization in preservation of food products.
Concept of the "Minimum Energy Expenditure" Principle
In this work, based on the analysis of specific biological examples, the previously unknown principle of "minimum energy expenditure" is investigated. This principle plays a fundamental role in speciation, the formation of biodiversity, trophic chains, ecological niches, as well as in ensuring the long-term existence of a biological species, population, and individual organism. The central idea of this principle is that among many possible scenarios, the one that requires the least energy expenditure for its continued existence is chosen. This, in turn, provides the selected scenario with a minimum of entropy, that is, maximum certainty. This regularity is characteristic of all established biological objects and processes. This generalized principle applies to a wide range of biological phenomena�from low-molecular processes to the biospheres level�and is one of the fundamental properties of open systems.This principle may play a significant role in the design and construction of modern technological, artificial, and resilient biological constructs and robots.
Survey of Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Cotton in Burkina Faso
Agriculture employs more than 80% of the population of Burkina Faso and contributes nearly 40% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). rainfed agriculture and occupy an important place because the crop employs nearly 4 million people and contributes more than 4% to GDP and about 14% of export earnings in recent years (AICB (2023a).The area sown in 2016-2017 are estimated at nearly 740,000 ha, and the production was estimated at nearly 683,000 tons of seed cotton with relatively low yields of less than one ton per hectare (AICB (2023b). The cotton sector has experienced a significant decline in recent years producing 407,308 tons with yields of 655 kg/ha during the 2022-2023 agricultural season (AICB (2008).This situation can be explained, among other things, by uncertain climatic conditions (rainfall and temperature) and damage due to crop pests (AICB (2008).
Equations of Unification: Mathematical Connections between Ramanujan's Recurring Numbers and Theoretical Cosmology
The search for a conceptual unity between the domains of discrete mathematics and continuous physics represents one of the deepest and most strategic challenges of modern science. Overcoming the dichotomy between the quantized world of numbers and the fluidity of spacetime is fundamental to develop a theoretical framework that can describe the universe in its entirety. The exploration of bridges between these two seemingly distant languages is not only an exercise in formal elegance, but a necessity to solve the enigmas that lie at the frontier of theoretical physics, from quantum gravity to the nature of the cosmological vacuum. This paper presents a further development of the Nardelli Master Equation, unveiling its profound mathematical and symbolic connections to Ramanujan�s Recurring Numbers. Through a multidisciplinary lens, we explore how this equation acts as a bridge between discrete number-theoretic phenomena and continuous geometric structures, revealing hidden symmetries across Geometric Measure Theory, Number Theory, Theoretical Cosmology, and String Theory. The recurrence patterns inspired by Ramanujan are shown to resonate with fractal geometries and cosmological constants, suggesting a unified framework where arithmetic intuition meets the fabric of spacetime. We propose that the Nardelli Master Equation, enriched by these connections, may serve not only as a tool for mathematical insight but also as a symbolic vessel for understanding the deep harmony between the microcosm of numbers and the macrocosm of the universe. This work invites further exploration into the structural unity of mathematics and physics thought.
Concentration of the Round Wood Market in the Amazon: Case Study in the State of Acre, 2018-20
The general objective of this study was to generate information about the structure of the timber market operating in the state of Acre, between 2018 and 2020. In specific terms, it aimed to identify and analyze the concentration of the local roundwood market in these years. So, the volume of wood harvested during this period was collected in the Exploration Authorizations�AUTEXs issued by the Instituto do MeioAmbiente do Acre�Imac. The method adopted used the concepts of the Concentration Ratio and the Herfindahl�Hirschman�IHH Index. The results obtained showed that: (a) The concentration of roundwood supply in the Acre market was extremely high in 2018 and 2019 and very high in 2020; (b) This supply was extremely concentrated in the 2018-19 period and highly concentrated in 2020; (c) The calculation of the Herfindahl�Hirschman Index classified the supply of round wood in this market as highly concentrated in 2018 and 2019 and moderately concentrated in 2020 and (d) The IHH also revealed that local firms were highly concentrated in the demand for round wood. Keywords: Forest economy. Market Structure. Forestry-Timber Sector.
Dr. Francesca de Oliveira Melo Melo Felix
Zero-Knowledge and Post-Quantum Signature Primitives for Privacy-Preserving Blockchain IoT Systems
Security and privacy have emerged as paramount concerns in the evolving Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, where billions of interconnected devices exchange sensitive data over untrusted networks. Traditional cryptographic methods, while effective, are increasingly vulnerable to emerging computational threats, including those posed by quantum computing. This study proposes an enhanced blockchain-based framework that integrates zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) and post-quantum signature primitives to achieve robust, privacy-preserving authentication in IoT systems. The framework enables IoT devices to verify transactions and authenticate identities without revealing confidential information, thereby maintaining data confidentiality and integrity. By employing lattice-based and hash-based post-quantum algorithms, the system ensures resistance against quantum attacks while preserving computational efficiency for resource-constrained IoT nodes. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed model in reducing communication overhead and enhancing trust among devices in decentralized networks. This research underscores the significance of combining zero-knowledge and post-quantum cryptography to build future-proof, privacy-preserving blockchain IoT systems capable of withstanding next-generation security threats.
Physico-Chemical, Rheological, Structural, Thermal, Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Hybrid Powder and Films from Cassava Starch Crosslinked with Xanthan Gum
Starch and xanthan are viscosifying, film-forming polysaccharides obtained from renewable sources.� The main objective of this work was to assess the effects of the cassava starch/deacetylated xanthan� proportion and reaction time in the crosslinking performed with sodium trimetaphosphate on the Physico-chemical, rheological, structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of resulting� hybrid polymeric powder and films. Xanthan deacetylation, performed to improve crosslinking,� increased xanthan viscosity and pseudoplasticity. For further crosslinking, the crosslinking agent� (SMTP) and the alkalizing agent sodium sulfate (SS) concentration was set at 5% and 3% respectively� relative to the total polymeric mass (5%m/v); and according to the Central Composite Rotatable Design� (DCCR 22) the starch/deacetylated xanthan proportion and reaction time was varied, totalizing 11� treatments with 3 repetitions at the central point. Physical and chemical features of the crosslinked� polymers were checked, as well as films based on the crosslinked hybrid polymers were prepared and� tested. Treatments that showed best results were T1 (s/x: 4.5/0.5; 52 min.) and T4 (s/x: 3.5/1.5; 127� min). These resulted in low solubility, thickness and permeability to water vapor, with high tensile� strength.
Solving Goldbach's Conjecture using Gaussian Arithmetic and a Probabilistic Model
This paper proves that Goldbach's conjecture is true.� The proof uses Gaussian modular arithmetic to calculate the�number of pairs of odd numbers, KT , whose sum is a given even� number, n, as well as, the number, KE, of those that can potentially�contain prime numbers.�Next, a probabilistic model with a binomial probability distribution is de ned, which will be applied to KE to calculate a function�f(x) for the expected value, E(X), where X is the number of pairs�formed by two prime numbers.�Finally, the analysis of this function, f(x), will allow us to prove�that the conjecture is true.
Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations for the Shock Compression of Hydrodynamic Solids
This paper is concerned with an extension of the fluctuation-dissipation (F-D) relations proposed by J. von Neumann and D. Grady for the shock compression of hydrodynamic solids by use of an underlying� probability density distribution. As a specific illustration of the extension, a beta function is used to develop probabilistic F-D relations. Usefulness of the extension is evaluated in prediction of Pop-plot power coefficients in the pressure-time domain. Predicted values are found to be in a reasonable agreement with measured values. Additional results include a pressure threshold for the appearance of a uniform probability distribution of energy fluctuations and the upper limit of dissipated kinetic energy.
Limited Effect Principle of a Relativistic System - The Calculation Results within a Relativity System Cannot be Applied to the Real World Outside the System
We pointed out 3 general concerns and 12 problems in Einstein�s theory of special relativity in [1-4], which got positive feedback. Here we present a newly derived �Limited Effect Principle of a Relativistic System.� This research followed our method of analyzing mathematical models from the perspective of reviewing the rationality of physical models first, and used this method to derive the Limited Effect Principle of a Relativistic System. This Limited Effect Principle gives obvious evidence that the theory of relativity is misunderstanding the mathematical world from the physical world, which gives us further confidence that the theory of relativity should no longer lead the scientific and technological thinking of mankind.
A Study on the Nature and Form of Zero - The Fundamental Principles of Cosmic Origin Philosophy
Zero is the last number invented by humankind and a truly marvellous one. At first glance, its existence appears meaningless�it represents nothing. Yet, when placed before any digit, it changes nothing; when added after, it increases the number tenfold. Multiplying any number by zero results in zero; dividing zero by any number still yields zero; but dividing any number by zero leads to infinity. Zero symbolises the origin of the cosmos�the beginning of all things. While other numbers express the existence and transformation of matter, only zero represents the primordial origin of the universe and the beginning of phenomena. The cosmic origin is a state of non-material or immaterial existence�not absolute nothingness, but rather the foundational basis of all being. All things arise from such a base point, and that point is zero. Yet, this is a living, yin-yang zero. Let us begin at the beginning and reflect upon the profound significance of this number. The invention of information and knowledge by humanity may indeed serve to explain just this�perhaps it exists for precisely that reason. Expressed in the language of human-created information: zero is the beginning of the universe and of all things. Returning to zero symbolises balance and the perfect of human knowledge and information.
Qualitative Assessment of Ground Water using the Water Quality Index of Pulivendula Urban, Y.S.R. Kadapa Dist., A. P. India
Our earth about 71% percent is covered with water. Out of 71% of water, only 3.5% of water is fresh water and the remaining is saline water. Among the fresh water, only 1.2% of fresh water is under usage. Remaining fresh water is in the forms of glaciers & ice caps. Water is a natural resource. It exists in both the forms of surface water & ground water. In our daily life water plays a vital role, as we are using it for drinking, domestic, agriculture, industry etc. Water quality is one of the most severe concerns around the globe. It is a major factor affecting the human health as well as ecological systems. The drinking water should be free from harmful chemicals and micro-organisms. The quality of drinking water and for various purposes is defined by different quality parameters. In this study, to assess the quality of water in pulivendula urban, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh (AP), the water samples are collected, tested and analysed for different quality parameters viz pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness (TH), Cl-, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Alkalinity & Fluorides in our laboratory of department of chemistry, JNTUACE Pulivendula. Then the results of each sample�s quality parameters are analysed, and compared with standard values as per BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) and Water Quality Index standards regarding drinking. Finally, these results and comparisons are reported.
Enhancing Digital Learning: The Role of NPC, Managed Virtual Educational Environments
Generative artificial intelligence represents a significant opportunity, particularly in educational settings, as it has the potential to enhance the teaching, learning process. However, its use should aim to integrate and augment, rather than replace, human thought�adopting a logic of inclusion (et, et) rather than exclusion (aut, aut) (Prencipe & Sideri, 2023, p. 99). Firstly, this approach counters the apocalyptic tendency (Eco, 1964) to reject technology�specifically, in this case, AI�on the mistaken assumption that it substitutes human intelligence and, consequently, the learning process. Instead, AI should be framed as a tool designed to facilitate human learning processes (Prencipe & Sideri, 2023, pp. 100, 102). Nevertheless, a fundamental shift must be acknowledged: learning should transition from a focus on merely identifying solutions to a practice centered on formulating well, structured questions, which, in turn, generate meaningful content�whether in the form of images, videos, text, or other media. This is the space within which educators must operate when teaching the use of generative digital tools. In doing so, they should engage with themes of lateral and divergent thinking (Sibilio, 2014, 2016) and embrace the human creative capacity to envision and construct new possible worlds (Berthoz, 2015; Sibilio, 2017). At the same time, the challenge between the various nations is only just beginning, both in terms of the chips that can be used for computing power, and in terms of performance in the generation of multimedia content through artificial intelligence. That is why it is important for a nation to be among those allowed to use top, of, the, line technologies. In the context of increasing regulations on the dissemination of artificial intelligence (AI), the U.S. Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion, introduced by the United States, imposes restrictions that may impact not only global security and the economy but also access to AI, based educational technologies. By limiting the availability of advanced models and specialized hardware, these measures risk creating a divide between countries with privileged access and those subject to restrictions, potentially affecting education, research, and innovation in the educational sector. The U.S. Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion is a regulatory framework issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce on January 13, 2025, with the objective of managing the global dissemination of advanced AI technology through export controls. This regulatory framework aims to balance the protection of U.S. national security and foreign policy interests with the promotion of economic and social benefits derived from the responsible dissemination of AI. Key measures introduced include global licensing requirements for the export of advanced computing, integrated circuits and the "weights" of the most sophisticated AI models, as well as the implementation of licensing exceptions for low, risk destinations and end users. The regulation officially took effect on January 13, 2025. The U.S. Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion also includes restrictions on the types of advanced chips that can be exported, particularly high, performance processors used for training and executing sophisticated AI models. The United States seeks to limit access to these chips by countries deemed high, risk for national security or potential military applications. Countries classified as "high, tier" (low, risk countries, among which Italy) benefit from licensing exceptions, meaning they can more easily access advanced hardware and the most sophisticated AI models without undergoing lengthy approval processes. This facilitates technological innovation, research, and development without significant restrictions. Conversely, lower, tier countries may face limited access or be required to obtain case, by, case approvals, slowing the adoption of advanced technologies and putting them at a disadvantage compared to nations with fewer restrictions (Clifford Chance, 2025; Rand Corporation, 2025).� The U.S. Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion could also affect AI, related educational software in three main areas: 1) Access to Advanced AI Models� (if an educational software application relies on advanced AI models for virtual tutoring, content generation, or personalized learning, it may be subject to restrictions if these models require advanced hardware or neural network weights that fall under export controls); 2)� Availability of Hardware for Training (schools, universities, and startups in restricted countries may face challenges in accessing GPUs and advanced chips necessary for research and development in the educational sector. This could limit the adoption of AI, based educational tools or slow down the development of new applications); 3) International Collaborations and Exchanges (if a country is not classified as "high, tier," obtaining licenses to use state, of, the, art AI software and hardware may be difficult. This could impact global educational projects, such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) or advanced e, learning platforms that leverage AI). In modern education this will have a strong impact, due to the fact that digital technology plays a crucial role in enhancing learning experiences.�
How the Universe Works: Part 4. Philosophical Foundations of Space Vitality: Energy, Consciousness, and the Mathematical Interpretation of the Processes in Space of Universe
Space is a material structure, a container of material objects densely enveloped in energy. The main function of space is to ensure the vitality of the Universe in the process of interaction of objects of matter on the basis of intellectual and informational support of its basis - objective reality. The task of the latter is ensuring the failure-free execution of all processes of interaction, what is the basis of the vitality of the space of the Universe as a whole. The existence and development of subjective reality on the basis of biological life on our planet is based precisely on the vitality of objective reality and the intellectual and informational properties of space. Subjective reality is the consciousness of the life process, which is created as a result of the total process of life as a whole throughout the entire period of its existence. The body in which the process of life of a certain individual takes place is a material shell of the primary vitality based on the vitality of objective reality. The main function of subjective reality of biological life is to create a product that goes beyond the capabilities of objective reality. First of all, this is the process of functioning of renewable bioenergetics based on biological synthesis, and the creation of specific technological capabilities for influencing and controlling processes in objective reality. Nature itself, possessing all the prerequisites, cannot change itself, since it is not able to create the necessary conditions for this. Nature is able to provide all the processes of creating and ensuring jet motion, but it is not able to create a jet engine. Due to this, the activity of subjective reality has radically changed the natural conditions on earth. The vital capacity of space, possessing an extremely high level of intelligence, is provided by the intellectual and informational capacity of objective reality, which is the basis of the subjective reality of the Universe. Extremely important in this context is the mathematical interpretation of energy transfer processes in space, which are mathematically described by a mathematical sequence with the performance of work. The method of mathematical analysis, which significantly expands the possibilities of mathematical interpretation of energy transfer processes, provides the opportunity of creatingan universal formula for interaction in space.
Current Contributions on Cork Production and the Fight against Forest Decline in Andalusia (Southern Spain)
This paper provides an updated analysis of cork production and� its relationship to forest decline in Andalusia, southern Spain. It examines the ecological, economic, and environmental importance of cork oak forests, while evaluating the impacts of climate change, prolonged drought, wildfires, and pathogens on productivity. Based on literature reviews, historical archives, and cork extraction data from 1998 to 2023, the study identifies a sustained decrease in yields, highlighting a moderate correlation between environmental stress factors and the decline in production, indicating that socioeconomic factors modulate cork extraction and trade. Results underscore the urgent need for innovative management strategies, ecological restoration, and international cooperation to safeguard these Mediterranean ecosystems and their socio-economic benefits.
A Review on Innovative Nanocellulose Solutions for Wastewater Treatment and Reusability of Nanocellulose
About 14,000 individuals lose their lives every day as a result of exposure to certain toxins in the environment. Reducing these pollutants to acceptable levels using existing methods including adsorption, biodegradation, oxidation, precipitation, reverse osmosis, and photocatalysis is costly, energy-intensive, and unsustainable. A novel method of cleaning up these chemical pollutants combines biosorption with nanotechnology. Nanocellulose (NC) has been widely utilized to cleanse water. According to reports, nanocellulose may be utilized to eliminate various contaminants from water systems, such as dyes, heavy metals, medications, pesticides, medicines, and microbiological cells. There is a lot of interest in wastewater management globally in developing practical treatment methods to guarantee the supply of clean water. The abundance of -OH groups that allow nanocellulose to bond with heavy metals, dyes, and other pollutants and high aspect ratio are its specializations for this specific application. This review summarizes the application of nanocellulose in wastewater treatment, namely as heavy metal, oil, salts, and dye adsorbents and as membranes for filtering other pollutants, such as microorganisms. The effectiveness of nanocellulose over conventional methods towards wastewater treatment is also reviewed. Applicability of cellulosic nanomaterials in wastewater treatment as well as aspects of nanocellulose as an adsorbent for diverse water contaminants are highlighted in this review. The broad application of materials based on nanocellulose as adsorbents and catalysts is made possible by the commercial processing of cellulose. The membrane technologies' longevity and efficacy in separating materials have been demonstrated. Recent advancements in the creation of innovative membranes or adsorbents promote the use of cleaner technologies based on NC for treatment of wastewater. Future research prospects of nanocellulose composites for wastewater treatment are also discussed, along with the difficulties and possibilities of nanocellulose-based composites in these fields.
Deciphering Root Dynamics and Functional Architecture in Rice for Strategic Redesign of the Hidden Half to Enhance Water and Nutrient Acquisition
present scenario of climate change on agriculture in the form of groundwater depletion, flood, salinity, several new borne species of pathogens, and insect-pests, brings serious attention to developing ice varities with higher resilience. As most of the above-ground plant parts are already explored to combat these situations, now the time came to improve the yield by reshaping the below-ground plant parts. Designing the root system architecture (RSA) in rice is one of the most imperative traits for such conditions, as modification in the root architecture in rice will be the best strategy to improve water uptake and nutrient acquisition. Many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes playing the role for RSA have been recognized to improve the root parameters and the confirmed QTLs can be introgressed through marker-assisted backcross breeding to develop ideal genotypes. The recent advances in molecular plant breeding including genome editing, mutation study and genetic engineering has shown their potency in this direction. Even though most of the root architectural traits in rice are not document properly, the present review will make comfortable to the future researchers on the aspects of molecular mechansms involved in root traits development viz., genes functioning for root traits, their development, physiological role for moisture, and mineral-nutrient uptake under stressful environment.
Research Project on Rotational Dynamics Orbiting and Rotation of Celestial Bodies
We will attempt to summarize in this text the private scientific research that our team has conducted on rotational dynamics over the past forty years. The document analyses the rotation and orbiting of rigid solid bodies, and specifically of celestial bodies, arriving at a Theory of Dynamic Interactions (TDI) as a solution to the problems not resolved by Kepler�s and Newton�s laws, by taking into account the simultaneous orbital and rotational movements of planets. The text describes experiments that demonstrate how a body in rotation and translation can alter its trajectory, thus challenging the classical Newtonian model. The TDI explains the behaviours of bodies that simultaneously orbit and rotate, and it can be applied to dynamic phenomena that meet those conditions, such as the case of boomerang flight, gyroscopes, or the anomalies observed in the Pioneer probes, offering a new interpretation of these behaviours. The text suggests that this theory provides new insights into understanding rotational dynamics and the harmony of the universe, proposing a defined mathematical model for modern physics and for certain natural phenomena.
Biodiversity and Conservation of Fruit Crops with their Wild Relatives: A Review
�The conservation of biodiversity within fruit crops is essential for sustaining both ecological and agricultural systems. Fruit crops, as integral components of nature's orchard, play a pivotal role in global food security and ecosystem health. India is one of the 12 mega biodiversity centres with 2 biodiversity hotspots which are the reservoirs of plant genetic resources. India stands at 7thplace in the global agricultural biodiversity status. Among fruit and nut crops, there are about 117 cultivated species with 175 wild relatives of which only 25 species have been domesticated. Genetic resources conservation of fruit trees is intricate and complex as they are belonging to various genera and species which require specific climate. Hence, in situ and ex situ conservation can go simultaneously. The western ghat and North eastern India are centres of diversity for several important native fruits including Mango, Jackfruit and Citrus. Apart from the major fruit crops, India is home to several underutilized fruit crops. However, due to increased pressure on land use several of the wild types, which are a great source of genes governing useful traits, are disappearing. Thus, there is an urgent need to conserve them in both in situ and ex situ conditions. The genetic diversity and modes of conservation of tropical fruits are discussed in this paper.
The Combined Effects of Alcohol and Tobacco on Esophageal Cancer Risk: An Epidemiological and Statistical Modeling Approach
This study investigates the synergistic effects of alcohol and tobacco consumption on esophageal cancer risk through comprehensive statistical modeling of case-control data. Using logistic regression with interaction terms, we compared additive (AIC=221.39) versus interactive (AIC=233.94) risk models, finding no significant improvement in fit from interaction terms (?�=5.45, p=0.79). Age-adjusted odds ratios revealed strong independent effects: highest alcohol consumption (120+ g/day: OR=65.1, 95% CI[20.9-229.7]) and heaviest tobacco use (30+ g/day: OR=8.6, 95% CI[2.3-30.1]). Contingency analyses showed non-significant alcohol-cancer associations (?�=4.21, p=0.24) but suggested dose-response trends. Alternative modeling approaches including Poisson (deviance=78.40) and multinomial regression (AIC=77.74) confirmed robustness of findings. Propensity score matching (nearest-neighbor, n=29 pairs) and bootstrap validation (500 replicates) supported model stability. Visual analytics through correspondence analysis (?�=7.39, p=0.60) and effect plots elucidated complex exposure-risk relationships. The results demonstrate significant independent effects of alcohol and tobacco, while suggesting their combined impact may be additive rather than multiplicative in this population. These findings underscore the importance of dual abstinence strategies in esophageal cancer prevention while highlighting methodological considerations for analyzing interacting risk factors in epidemiological studies.
The Discrete Ordinates and the Riccati Equation Methods in thee Estimation of Growth of Solutions of Systems of two Linear first Order Ordinary Dierential Equations
The method of comparing the solutions of a system of linear equations with solutions of such a system with piecewise constant coefficients (the discrete ordinates method) and Rtccati equation method is used for estimating solutions of systems of two first order linear equations. Two principal (essentially dierent) cases have been considered, for which some explicit estimates in terms of coefcients of linear systems have been obtained. By examples the obtained results are compared with the results obtained by methods of Liapunov, Yu. S. Bogdanov, T. Wazevski, estimates of solutions by logarithmic norm of S. M. Lozinski and the method of freezing.
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On the Well-Posedness for the 3-D Micropolar Fluid System in Critical Fourier-Besov-Morrey Spaces
In the present paper, we study the Cauchy problem of the incompressible micropolar fluid system in R3. We show that this problem is locally well-posed in Fourier-Besov-Morrey spaces.
An Investigation into the Order of Integral Powers of Consecutive Elements of Set of Even and odd Numbers
This article analysed the order of difference of integral perfect powers of the set of even and odd numbers. The analysis was proof by the use of combinatorial terminologies, established property of the difference operator and the principle of mathematical induction. The results proved conclusively that �if any number of consecutive odd or even integers are raised to a positive power k, then the kth difference is equal to 2kk!
An Investigation Into the Order of Integral Powers of Set of All Natural Numbers
This article established a fact on the order of difference of integral powers of all sets of natural numbers. The analysis was proof by use of established property of difference operator and principle of mathematical induction. The result proved conclusively that �if the elements of an arithmetic progression of set of natural numbers with positive common difference are raised to positive power k, then the kth difference is equal to the product of the common difference raised to power k (dK) and k factorial (k!).�
On Multiverses (or Parallel Universes) of Matrix Triple Solutions of the Diophantine Equation X3 + Y 6 = Z
We show that the Diophantine equation X 3 + Y 6 = Z 6 (0.1) admits matrix triple solutions from M3(N) and M6k(N), k ? N. We construct infinite universes made of these solutions. We introduce different construction structures sets of matrix solutions associated to the Diophantine equation (0.1). These construction structures sets of matrix solutions allow us to show that there exists an infinite number of multiverses (parallel universes) of the matrix solutions of the Diophantine equation (0.1) containing each a finite number of universes of matrix triples.
Autonomous Phase Identification in X-ray Diffraction: A Hybrid Approach with Bayesian FusionNet and Feature-Optimized Ensemble Learning
X-ray diffraction (XRD) plays a pivotal role in material characterization, offering valuable insights into crystalline structures. This study introduces a comprehensive framework for autonomous phase identification through a machine learning-guided approach. The proposed methodology comprises four key stages. In the pre-processing phase, raw data undergoes meticulous cleaning to eliminate noise, followed by normalization and smoothing procedures to ensure data integrity. Feature extraction involves a multi-faceted approach. Peak identification meticulously captures critical features such as peak position, intensity, and width within XRD patterns. Statistical features, encompassing mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis, provide a robust characterization of the dataset. The incorporation of Discrete Wavelet Transform further enriches the feature space by capturing both high and low-frequency information. For feature selection, a Hybrid Optimization Approach, combining the Kookaburra Optimization Algorithm (KOA) and White Shark Optimizer, is employed. This ensures an optimal subset of features for subsequent analysis. Phase identification is facilitated by a Bayesian FusionNet, integrating the strengths of Improved GhostNetV2, Bayesian Neural Network (BNN), and Feedforward Neural Network (FNN). The outcomes from these models are aggregated by taking the mean, enhancing the reliability and accuracy of phase identification. This innovative framework not only automates phase identification in X-ray diffraction but also showcases the efficacy of a hybridized machine learning approach, amalgamating optimization algorithms and neural networks for enhanced performance and interpretability. The proposed methodology holds significant promise for advancing material science research and facilitating efficient analysis in diverse applications.
Measuring Local People Perception Toward Wildlife and Conservation at the Periphery of the Dja Biosphere Reserve, East Region, Cameroon
The Dja Biosphere Reserve is home to immense natural resources. Increasing poaching and other human activities like shifting cultivation and industrial agriculture are major problems in this area. This study addresses the need to explore attitude and perception of local residents toward wildlife and conservation. Questionnaires surveys and field observations were used in data collection. A total of 400 people was conveniently selected in 16 villages from October to December 2015. Data analysis relied mainly on factor analysis and structural equation modelling in SPSS 21 and Smart-PLS software. The main findings indicate a significant positive relationship between wildlife education, community wildlife sensitization and the local attitude on community involvement in conservation, which in turn have a strong and positive significant impact on the perception of the local people towards wildlife and conservation. Moreover, the�� perception of local people has a significant positive impact on the level of discipline towards wildlife and conservation. The results also suggest that local people perception index is not one-dimensional but can be considered as a three-dimensional construct affected by intention, wildlife threat and community involvement. Strategies aiming to change the perception of local people toward wildlife and conservation therefore need integrated approaches. This research points the involvement of local communities in wildlife management as an essential strategy to shape positive perception toward wildlife. Anti-poaching strategies will be easier if local people had a good perception towards wildlife and conservation.� Wildlife education and sensitization are also essential in any conservation strategy, as they are key drivers of positive perception toward wildlife and conservation.