# ___________________________________________ ABSTRACT The consequences of the previously proposed model of accelerated expansion of the Universe based on the idea of a hypothetical 4-dimensional substance with an inverse population of energy levels are considered. Based on the data on the time and redshift of the beginning of recombination and the last scattering, taking into account the dependence of the redshift on time obtained in this model, the age of the Universe was found, which turned out to be ?230 billion years. The dimensions of the Universe, which is a 4-dimensional spherical layer with a radius of 2400 Gpc, are determined. The dynamics of black hole mass growth is found to coincide with the observed data on the growth of black hole masses in elliptical galaxies, where there is no gas, the accretion of which could explain the growth of their masses. The dynamics of the masses of black holes in the considered model is compared with the dynamics of the masses in the model based on the standard model. It is shown that the dynamics of the growth of the energy of baryonic and dark matter coincides in form with the dynamics of the growth of the masses of black holes. The rate of matter formation is compared with the rate of star formation. It is concluded that currently dark matter is practically not formed, and it was formed at the most rapid temps at a redshift of more than two. # ????????? # I. ???Ð?"???? ? ?????? [1] ?? ?????? ????????????? ? ?????????????? 4-?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? Ia [2], ???????? [3] ? ?????????? ?????-????????? [4]. ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ???????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? [5,6]. ??? ? ? [7][8][9][10] # II. ??????? ????????? ? ??Ð?"??? ????? ?????Ð?"??Ð?"? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? (1) ??? x = (t -t e )/t 0 ; H 0 -???????? ??????; t -????????? ?????? ???????; t e -?????? ???????, ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????; t 0 -?????? ???????, ????? ?????? 4-?????? ??????????? ????, ?? ???? ???? ?????????; R 0 -?????? 4-??????? ???????????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ????????????? t 0 ; T 0 = ct 0 . ??? ?????????, ???????? ? ??????? ?????????? ? [1] ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? Ia, ???????? ? ?????-?????????: H 0 = 67.7 ??/?/???; t 0 = 27.7 ???? ???; H 0 t 0 = 1.92; R 0 = 2.24 Ð?"??; T 0 = 8.5 Ð?"??; H 0 t 0 T 0 /(2?R 0 ) = ?/4, ??? ? = 4.64 [1]. ?????? ??????? t e ??? ??????, ??????? ??????????? ? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????. ???????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?. ??? ????????, ? ?????? ???????? ?????? [16] ?????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????????? 4-??????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????-?????-????????? ??????, ????? ??????? ? ???????. ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ?????????????, ????? ????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?? ??????? ? ?????????. ?????? ??????????????? ? ????????? ???????, ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?? ???. ?? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ? ?????-?? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???, ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ??? ???????, ??????????? ??, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? [19]. ????? ???????, ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? -?????? ???????? ? ?????. ??????? ???????, ? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? [16]. ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???????????? ? ???? ????? ??????? R f . ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????. ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? 3000 ? ? ????????? ???????? ????????? 380000 ??? [20]. ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? z f ? 1090 [21]. ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????????????. ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? 200000 ??? ?? t 0 ? z r = 1400 [22]. ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????. ? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ? ?? ???????? ????????, ?????????? ?? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????? (1), ???. 1. ?????, ??? ??? ?????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ? ???????, ??????????? ? ? ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 exp ln 1 1 2? H t T x z x H t x x x R ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? London Journal of # ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????????, ????? ???????? ???????? ? ?? ????????. ??????? ? ??????? ??? ??????? 4-??????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ? [1], t -t 0 = T, ??????? ?????? ????????? R = R(t 0 + T) ? 2.4?10 3 Ð?"??, ??? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ????????? ? [1] ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? UDFj-39546284 ? GN-z11 ?? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ? [1] ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? D g ? 80 Ð?"??. Ð?"?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ? 3-?????? ????? ? ????? ???????????? ????? Ð?"???????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? D g . ???? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????? 3-?????? ????? ? ???? Ð?"???????? ? ? ??????? ????????? ? = D g /R. ?????????? ??????????? ? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ? = R(1/cos? -1) ? R? 2 /2. ?????????? ???? ?, ???????? ?/R ? (D g /R) 2 /2 ? 0,55?10 -3 << ? k , ??? ? k = 0.04 -???????? ?????????, ????????? ? [18]. ????? ???????, ?????????? ?? 3-?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? 73 ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? Ð?"???????? ?? D g > R(2? k ) 1/2 ? 680 Ð?"??. ? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ?? ???? ????? ???????? 3-?????? ????? L e = 2?R, ??????? ?????????? ? 1.5?10 4 Ð?"??. ???????? ????????? R f /(L e /2) ? 0.74 ?????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????, ??????? ?????? ????????? 4-??????? ????. ????? ???????, ????? ??????? ?????, ??? ? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????, V ??? ??????? ???????????????? 3-?????? ????? S 3 : V = S 3 = (4/3)? 2 R 3 ? 1.7?10 11 Ð?"?? 3 . ? ???????????? ? ????????? ? [1] ????????? ????????? ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 exp ln 1 1 d 2 2 1 x H t ct H t D x ct x x x p p ì ü ï ï ï ï = - + + í ý ï ï ï ï î þ ò ( ) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 exp ln 1 1 d 2 2 1 H t ct H t x D x ct x x x R x p p ì ü ae ö ¢ ï ï ï ï ÷ ç é ù ¢ ¢ ¢ = - + + ÷ í ý ç ê ú ÷ ë û ÷ ç ï ï ¢ è + ø ï ï î þ . ¢ ¢ ¢ ? ? ? ? 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 exp ln 1 1 d 5.6 10 4 2? 1 f t f f H t x D t T x x x x ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? T R T Ð?"??. ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 exp ln 1 4 t t t t R t R t t ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal ??????? ? 4-?????? ???? ? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. # IV. Ð?"??????? ?????? ????Ð?"?? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? 4-??????? ????, ? ???????? ????????? 4-?????? ??????????? ???? ?, ??????????????, ?? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? 4-??????? ???????????? ????. ?????????? ? ?????????? ? [1] ????????? ? ? (t) = ? ? (t 0 )(t/t 0 ) ? ???????? t = T + t 0 , ???????? ? ? (T)/? ? (t 0 ) = (1 + T/t 0 ) ? ? 3?10 4 . ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ? E (t), ??? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ? E (t) = const/? ? (t) [1]. ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????????? 5.2?10 -6 Ð?"??/?? 3 [23], ?? ? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ? E (t 0 ) = ? E (T)(1 + T/t 0 ) ? ? 0.16 Ð?"??/?? 3 . ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? 4-??????? ???? ? ?????? ????, ??? ? ? (t 0 )(R 0 ) 4 = ?(t 0 ), ? ? (t) = ? ? (t 0 )(t/t 0 ) ? , ? ????????? R(t)/R 0 ????? ???? ???????????? ? ???? (2) ?????? ??????? ?????? 4-??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?(t) = ?(t 0 )exp[?(t -t 0 ) ? ?????? ???????????? ? ???????? ? [1] ?????????? d?/dt = ??, ??? ? = 5.31×10 -18 ? -1 -???????????? ? [1] ??????????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? 4-?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ? ???????????? ? ???????? ??? E(t 0 ) = ? E (t 0 )V(t 0 ) = (4/3)? 2 (R 0 ) 3 ? E (t 0 ) -?????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ???????????. ? ?????? (2), ? ????, ??? ? E (t) = ? E (t 0 )(t/t 0 ) -? , ????????(3) Ð?"????? ??????????? E(t)/E(t 0 ) ??????????? ?? ???. 2. ?????, ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ? 9 ???, ? ????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ?????????, ????????????? ? 4?10 4 ??? ?? ????????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ???????????. ????? ???????, ???????? ? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ?? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? (3) ?? ???????: . ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???. 2 ? ?? ??????? (4) ?????, ??? ??? t = t 0 ??????????? ????????????. ?????? ?????????? ???????, ????????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? t -t 0 = 4t 0 /3 ? 37 ???? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ? ????, ? ????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??? t -t 0 ? ? ????????? ? ???????? 3?/4t 0 . ??????? ? ??????? ? 37 ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 t R t t t V t t R t R r r r r X X X X é ù ê ú X = = ê ú ë û . ? ? 4 0 0 0 0 0 exp 1 4 R t t t t t t t R ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 E E 0 E 0 0 t R t E t t t E t t R r r r é ù ê ú = = ê ú ë û V ( ) ( ) 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 exp 1 4 E t t t t t t t E t b b ae ö ae ö - - ÷ ÷ ç ç ÷ ÷ = + ç ç ÷ ÷ ç ç ÷ ÷ ç ç è ø è ø London Journal of # ???. 2: ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ???????????. ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? 228 ???? ???, ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????. # V. Ð?"??????? ???? ?????? Ð?"?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???, ??? ????? ???????, ??????????? ?? ????????? ?? 4-??????? ????, ??????????? ??????? ?????? (?Ð?") [24]. ????? ??????? ????????? ? 4-?????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? [1]. ??? ??? «?????????????» ?????????? ??????? 4-??????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??-?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ? 4-?????? ????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?Ð?" ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??? ? 4-?????? ??????????? ????, ????????????? «??????????????» ?????????? ??????? 4-??????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? 4-?????? ??????????. ?? ???? ????????????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? 4-?????? ???? ??????? «?????????????» ????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ?Ð?". ( ) 0 0 0 d 7 3 d 4 1 E E t t t t t b é ù ê ú = - ê ú + - ê ú ë û . ; ? -???? ??????? E (+) ? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? E: E (+) (t 0 ) = ?E(t 0 ); 0 ? ?? 1, ? + ? = 1. ????????? ? ???????? (1), ? ??????? x = ?/t 0 , ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? G ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????, ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???. 3b. ?????, ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?Ð?" ????? ?? ?????. ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ???????, ??? ????????????? ??????? [27]. London ??????? dE (+) /dt ????? ??? ? ??????? E(t) ??????????? ??? t -t 0 = 4t 0 /3 ? 37 ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????????. ????????? ??????? (1), ???????, ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? z = (4/3)H 0 t 0 exp(?/3)/(7/3) (1+?/4) ? 1.93. ??? ???????? [28], ??? ????? ???????? z ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????. ? ????? ? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? [dE (+) /dt] -1 , ? ??????? ???????? t -t 0 ???????? ?? ?: . (6) ? ???????????? ? ???????? (1) ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? M FR ?? z. Ð?"????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???. 4 ???????? ??????. ???????? ??????? (6) ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? dE (+) /dt, ?? ???? ?? ???????? z = 1.93, ? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ? ???????? ??? z = 0 ?????????? (7/3) 7?/4 exp(-?) ? 9.4, ??? ????????? ? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ????????????????? [28]. ?? ?????? ?????? [29] ???? ??????????? ????? ??? z = 1.125 ?? ??????? ???? ? 4 ???? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? z = 0.375. ?? ?????? ????? [28,30] ???????? ????????????????? ??? z = 2.75 ? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????, ?? ? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ??? z = 1. ??? ? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ? z = 4. ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???. 4 ????????? ??????. ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ???????, ? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ??. ???????? ?? z =1.3 ?? z = Z ?????????? ? 90% ?? ????? ????????? ?? z ?? z = 0 ?? z = Z, ??? ??????????? ?????? 50%, ??? ??? ????????????????? [28]. London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal ???. 4: ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? (???????? ??????) ? ???????? ????????????????? (????????? ??????). ????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ? ??????? ????? [28][29][30]. ???? ?????????, ??? ?????? ??????? (6) ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ?? ????? ????????????, ??? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????, ?? 10% ????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ?? ? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????, ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. # VII. ?????Ð?"???? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ? [1] ????????? ? ??? ??????? ????????? ? 270 ???? ??? ? ???????????? ? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? 230 ???? ??? ??????????? ? ??????? ??????????, ? ??????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????, ??., ????????, [31]. ? [32] ?????????, ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???-???? ? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????????. ????? ???? ????????????? ????? ? ???, ??? ?????????? ????????? ???, ????????????????? ? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ? ????????, ???? ????????? ??? ??????????? ? ?????? ????????????? ?????????. ??????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ? ????? ??????????????. ?????????? ? ??? ??????? ????????? ?230 ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? 16 ??? ?????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ? 14 ???? ???, ?? ???????. ?????? ? [1] ??????? ?????????, ????????? ?? ??????? ?/D g = D g /(2R) ? 0.1? k , ???? ??? R ???????? ?10 4 Ð?"??, ? ??? ???????? ????????? 270 ???? ???. ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?/R ? (D g /R) 2 /2 ? 0.1? k , ?? ???????? R ? 900 Ð?"??, ? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? R ?????????? ? 200 ???? ???. ????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ? ?????? ? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? R ? 2,4?10 3 Ð?"?? ???????? ????? ?????????? 900 ? 10 4 Ð?"??, ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????????? ?????????, ? ??????? ????????? T = 230 ???? ??? -????? ?????????? 200 ? 270 ???? ???, ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? R ? T. ????????? R/R 0 ? 1000, ????????? ??????? (6) ?? ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ? ?????????????, ??? ???????? ????????????????? ? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??????????? ?Ð?". ????? ???????, ????? ????????????, ??? ??????????????? ??????? (6) ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????, ?? 10% ??????? ??????? ??????, ?? ? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??, ??? ??? z ? 1.9 ?????????????? ??????? (6) ????????? ? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????????????, ? ???????? ?? ??? ? ????????? ???????? 1.3 ? z ? Z ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????????? ??????? ? ???, ??? ? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????????????? ? ??????, ??????? ? ????????? 0 < z < 1.9. ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????????. # VIII. ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ? [1] ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ????????????? ? ?????????????? 4-?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????. ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ? [1] ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????, ? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?230 ???? ???. ??? ??????????? ? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? [31] ? ? ???????? ???????? ?????????, ??????????? ? [1] ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ????????? ?????? 4-??????? ????, ? ???????? ????????? ???? ? ????????, ?? ???? ?????? ?????????, R ? 2.4?10 3 Ð?"??, ? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? L e = 2?R, ??????? ?????????? ? 1.5?10 4 Ð?"??. ????????, ??? ????????? ???????? R ??????????? ? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal ?????????. ?????? ????? ????? ????????? V ??? ??????? ???????????????? 3-?????? ?????: V ? 1,9?10 10 Ð?"?? 3 . ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? R f , ??????? ???????? ?????? ? 5,6?10 3 Ð?"??. ?? ????????? R f ? L e ?????? ?????, ??? ? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????. ? ?????????????, ??? ? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? 0.16 Ð?"??/?? 3 . ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ????????, ??? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????. ? ??????? ?????? 37 ???? ??? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? 10 ???, ? ????? ???????? ????? ? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ? 10 4 ??? ?? ????????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ???????????. ????? ???????, ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????, ? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ? ??????? 4-?????? ???? ??? ????????? «?????????????» ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ? 4-?????? ????, ???????????? ? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????? 4-?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????. ????????, ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???, ??????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????. ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ??? ????? ?????? ??? ? ????????? 0 ? z ? 1.2 ?????????? ????? ? 7 ???, ? ? ????????? 0 ? z ? 2 -? 20 ???. ??? ?????? ????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ? ????????????? ?????????? [25,26], ??? ? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????. ????????? ???????? ?Ð?", ????????????? ? ?????? ??????, ? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ?Ð?", ?????????? ? ?????? ???????, ??????????, ??? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????? z ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????????. ??? ? ??????????????????? ?????? [34], ??????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????, ??? ???? ??????????????? ?????, ?????? 2,96 ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????? 1 ? z ? 4.5. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? [34] ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????. Ð?"?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?Ð?" ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ?? ??? ?? z ? 4.5. ????????, ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???. ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????????????. ?????? ?????, ??? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????????, ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????. # ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??????. London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal ![Age, Size, Dynamics of Energy, Matter, and Masses of Black Holes in the Model of Accelerated Expansion of the Universe, based on the Idea of a Hypothetical 4-dimensional Inverted Substance Evgeny P. ORLOV](image-2.png "") ![Research in Science: Natural and Formal ??? x = ?/t 0 , ???????????, ?? ???? ????? ???????????. ???????? ???????? z = z f ????????????? ?????? ??????? T f = 214.4 ???? ???, ? z = z r ????????????? ?????? ??????? T r = 221 ???? ???. ??????, ??? ?????????? ??????? T r -T f = 6.65 ???? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?????? (3.8 -2.0)?10 5 = 1.8?10 5 ???, ? T -T r , ??? T -??????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? 2.0?10 5 ???, ????????, ??? T -T r = 7.4 ???? ???. ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? T = 221 + 7.4 = 228.4 ? 230 ???? ???. ????? ????????, ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???. 1: ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ? ?? ???????? ????????. ????? 1 (z = 1090) ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? 214.4 ???? ??? (????? 1'); ????? 2 (z = 1400) ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????? 221 ???? ??? (????? 2'); ????? 3 (z = 1850) ???????? ??????? ????????????? 4-??????? ???????????? ????, ?? ???? ???????? ????????? 228.4 ???? ??? (????? 3'). , ?????????? ?? (1) ??? ?????? t e = t 0 , t -t 0 = T ? z = Z, ????????????? ??????? ???????? Z ? 1850, ??? ????????????????? ???????? ?? ???. 1. ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? 230 ???? ??? ?? 15% ?????? ?????????? ????? ? [1] ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? 4-??????? ????, ?? T* = T + t 0 ? 258 ???? ???.](image-3.png "") ![London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal ?[1] ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????. ? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????, ??? ??? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????????????? 3-?????? ?????. ????????? ??????????? ???????, ? ??????? ???????? x = T f /t 0 , ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? III.](image-4.png "") 4![Research in Science: Natural and Formal (?????? ????? (4) ??????? ?? ????????????? ????? 3?E/(4t 0 ) ? ????????????? ????? dE/dt = -(7?E/4t 0 )[1+(t -t 0 )/t 0 ] -1](image-5.png "4 )") 53![Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal ??? ?????????? ????, ?????? ????? (4) ??????? ?? ????????????? ? ????????????? ??????. ???????, ??? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?Ð?", ? ?????????? ? ??? E ?? (3) ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ? ?Ð?" ?????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????????, ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ??????????? ?Ð?" ?? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? t e , ? ?????? -?? ?????????? ??????? ? =t -t ????? t e ? ????????? ???????? ??????? t, ?????? t 0 + T (? = t 0 + T -t e ), ???????? , ??? t e ???????????? ? ???? t e = t 0 + T -?: ?Ð?" ? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??????????, ?? ???????, ??? ???? ??????? E BH ? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? E ????? ?: E BH (t 0 ) = ?E(t 0 ), 0 ? ?? 1. ???? ???????, ??? ????? ?Ð?" ?? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ? ?? ????????, ?? ??? ?Ð?", ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????? ?Ð?" ? ??????? ?????????? t e ????????? ? ???. ????????? ? ???????? (1), ? ??????? x = ?/t 0 , ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? F ????? ?Ð?" ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????, ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?Ð?". ???????, ??? ??????? (5) ??????????? ?????, ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?Ð?" ? ??????? ?Ð?". Ð?"????? ??????????? F ?? ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ???????? 0 ? z < Z ??? ?????? ????????? ?, ????????? ?? ???. 3a. ?????, ??? ? ??????????? ????? (z << 0.1) ???? ???? ?Ð?" ??????????????. ????????, ??? 0.1 < z < 2 ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?Ð?" ??????????? London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal ?????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ???????? ?. ????? ???? ??????????? ? ? ????????? ???????? z > 10 ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?. ??? z > 1000 ????? ?Ð?" ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????, ????????, ??? ? =1/100 ? 10 6 ???. ?????, ??? ? ????????? 0 ? z ? 1.2 ??????????? ???? ?Ð?" ?????????? ? 7 ???, ? ? ????????? 0 ? z ? 2 -? 20 ???, ??? ?????? ????????? ? ??????????????? ? 26] ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?Ð?" ? ????????????? ??????????. VI. Ð?"??????? ??????? ????Ð?"?? ? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ???. ??????????? ??????? ????? F ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????, ? ??????? ??????????? ?Ð?" (a); ??????? ??????? (b). ??????,?????? ????? ?????, ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?Ð?" ? ??????? 1 ? 1/100. ????????? -?????? ????? [25, 26]. ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? E (+) . ?????????? ? ????????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? (4) ????????? (3) ??? E(t), ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????? dE (+) /dt: . ????? ??? ? ? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?Ð?" ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? t e , ? ?????? -?? ?????????? ??????? ? =t -t e ????? t e ? ????????? ???????? ??????? t, ?????? t 0 + T (? = t 0 + T -t e ), , London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal ??? f (+) (?) = exp(3??/4)/? 7?/4](image-6.png ". ( 5 ) 3 :") ![????????? ???????? ?Ð?", ????????????? ? ?????? ??????, ? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ?Ð?", ?????????? ? ?????? ???????, ??????????, ??? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????? z ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????????. ???, ?[34] ???????????? ??????????????????? ???? ???? ?Ð?" ? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? a, M(a) = M(a i )(a/a i ) k, ??? a i -?????????? ???????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????, a ? a i . ??? ??? a/ai = (1 + z) k , ??? k -???? ??????????????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?Ð?" F c = (1 + z) k . ? [25] ?? ????????? ?????????? ?Ð?" ? ????????????? ?????????? ???????, ??? (k min = 1.78; k max = 4.3). ???? ?? ??????????????? ????? ?????????????, ?? k = 0. ?? ???. 5 ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?Ð?" ???????????? ??? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ? = 1 (?????? 1) ? ? = 1/100 (?????? 2) ??? ? ???????? ????? ???? ?Ð?" ? ?????? [34], ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????? k. ?????, ??? ?????? F, ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? 1 ? z ? 4.5 ? ??????, ???????????? ??? F c ??? k = 2.96 (?????? 3). ??? k = 3.11 (?????? 4) ??????? ???????????? ???????. ???????? ????? ?????? ??? F c ??? k max (?????? 5) ? ??? k min (?????? 6). ?????, ??? ?????? 1 ? 2, ?????????????? ????????? ??????? F ?? ??????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????? 1 ? z ? 8 ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ?? ??? z, ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? 1 ? z ? 4.5, ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? 3, ???????????? ??? k = 2.96. ??? z > 8 ??????? ??? ??????. ????? ? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?Ð?" ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ?? ??? ?? z ? 4.5. London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal ???. 5. ??????? ????? ???? ?Ð?" F ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ? = 1 (1); 1/100 (2);F c ??? k = 2,96 (3); 3,11 (4); ??? k max = 4,3 (5); ??? k min = 1,78 (6).](image-7.png "") ![](image-8.png "") ![](image-9.png "") ![](image-10.png "") ???????????? ???????? ???? ?Ð?", ??????????? ? ?????? [33], ? ????? ????????????,???????????, ????????, ? [27], ??????????, ??? ? ????? ??????, ????????? ????? ?Ð?" ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?Ð?". ????????????, ??????????? ? ?????? ??????, ???????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ???? ?Ð?" ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?Ð?", ? ??????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ? 4-?????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ? ????????? ???????? 0 ? z ? 10 ???????? ???? ?Ð?"??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????, ??????????? ? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????. © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press * A Model of Accelerated Expansion of the Universe Based on the Idea about a Hypothetical 4-Dimensial Substance with an Inverse Population of Energy Levels EPOrlov 10.4236/jmp.2023.141001 The Journal of Modern Physics 14 2023 * ASuzuki NRubin DLidman CAldering GAmanullah RBarbary 10.48550/arXiv.1105.3470 arXiv:1105.3470v1[astro-ph.CO The Hubble Space Telescope Cluster Supernova Survey: V. 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(?.: Ð?"?????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ??????? 1956 * ???????????????-????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????????? ?????????. ???????? ???? ? 16 ??????? 2004 ???? * ?????? ??????????????? ? ????? ???????? ???????. ???????? ???? ? 18 ?????????? ??????? 2010 ???? * ???????? ???????????????-????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? 2014 ???????? ???? ? 3. ?.: ???? * ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ? 1. ?.: ???? EPOrlov 2016. 2016 * ????: ??????? ??? <l LCowie EHu ASongaila 10.1038/377603a0 Nature 377 1995 * High-redshift galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field: color selection and star formation history to z ~4 PMadau HCFerguson MEDickinson MGiavalisco CCSteidel AFruchter 10.1093/mnras/283.4.1388 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 283 1996 * ????????? ? ???????? ????????? Ð?"???????? ?????????? Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Arhyz VA// Marsakov 2007. 2007. 2007 Ph.D. Thesis Structure and evolution of Galaxy subsystems * ?????????????? Astrophysics and its Concepts. Age of Space Objects ??????? ??????????? ???????? (???? ?????????: 05.04.2023. accessed: 05.04.2023 * The formation and evolution of massive black holes MVolonteri 10.1126/science.1220843 Science 337 2012 * Cosmologically Coupled Compact Objects: A Single-parameter Model for LIGO-Virgo Mass and Redshift Distributions KSCroker MZevin DFarrah KANishimura GTarlé 10.3847/2041-8213/ac2fad The Astrophysical Journal Letters 921 6 2021 * London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal