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Table of contents

1. I. INTRODUCTION

Many college students may experience the persistence, exacerbation, or first onset of mental health and substance use problems, while possibly receiving no or inadequate treatment. With the increasing recognition of child mental health issues and the use of more psychotropic medications, the number of young adults with mental health problems entering college has significantly increased. For example, in a survey of 274 institutions, 88 % of counseling center directors reported an increase in "severe" psychological problems over the previous 5 years including learning disabilities, self-injury incidents, eating disorders, substance use, and sexual assaults. Thus, there is an increase in demand for counseling and specialized services. However, the increase in demands has not always corresponded to an increase in staff. In particular, counseling centers are in need of psychiatrists with expertise in treating traditional as well as non-traditional college students, two groups with specific age-related characteristics and challenges. In this commentary, the prevalence of psychiatric and substance use problems in college students, as well as their common onset, will be described. Next, the worrisome persistent nature of mental health problems among college students and its implication will be discussed. Finally, important treatment considerations for traditional and non-traditional college students will be outlined. (Pedreli et al., 2015:503).

2. Purpose of the Study

The current study aims to build an objective tool using the computer to diagnose psychotic disorders and mental illness among university students, provided that the battery paragraphs are prepared from the exploratory study of measures of psychotic disorders and mental illness according to the fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM-5.

3. The inventory will contain the following subtests:

? Scale of neurodevelopmental disorders.

? Scale of Bipolar and related disorders.

? Anxiety Disorders scale.

? Scale of Trauma and stressor-Related disorders.

? Dissociative Disorders.

? The scale of problem solving disabilities.

? Scale of Feeding and eating disorders.

? Scale sleep -Wake disorders.

? Scale of Disruptive impulsive-Control and Conduct Disorders.

? Neurocognitive Disorders Scale.

? Personality Disorders Scale.

4. Significance of the Study

Theoretical importance: The theoretical importance of the current study lies in its handling of a new concept in contemporary psychological literature, which is the assessment of psychotic disorders and mental illness using a computer, according to the fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual as follows:

? Scale of neurodevelopmental disorders.

? Scale of Bipolar and related disorders.

? Anxiety Disorders scale.

? Scale of Trauma and stressor-Related disorders.

? Dissociative Disorders.

? The scale of problem solving disabilities.

? Scale of Feeding and eating disorders.

? Scale sleep -Wake disorders.

? Scale of Disruptive impulsive-Control and Conduct Disorders.

? Neurocognitive Disorders Scale.

? Personality Disorders Scale.

Which the Arab studies did not adequately address -as within the limits of the researcher's knowledgeand because of the importance of this computerized scale in the diagnostic curve of psychotic disorders and mental illnesses, and what it entails in reducing the impact of these disorders at the university level.

5. Practical Importance

The applied importance of the current study lies in the possibility of using the list of psychotic disorders and computerized mental illnesses at the university stage, so that it can be developed and benefited from in the field of early diagnosis of these disorders and identifying their causes as a first step in diagnosis, and then preparing for the preparation of appropriate treatment programs and early intervention.

6. II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Attending college can be a stressful time for many students. In addition to coping with academic pressure, some students have to deal with the stressful tasks of separation and individuation from their family of origin while some may have to attend to numerous work and family responsibilities (Pedreli et al., 2015:503) Studies of the prevalence of personality disorders have been fewer and smaller-scale, but one broad Norwegian survey found a five-year prevalence of almost 1 in 7 (13.4%). Each year 73 million women are affected by major depression, and suicide is ranked 7th as the cause of death for women between the ages of 20-59. Psychotropic medications are available in Bangladesh but psychotherapy is hardly available Cadge et al. (2019) attempted to explore lay understanding and perceptions of schizophrenia in university students using Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis at The University of Birmingham, West Midlands. The study was applied on 20 UK home students of white British (n=5), Indian (n=5), Pakistani (n=5), African Caribbean (n=4) and dual white British and African Caribbean ethnicity (n=1). Findings revealed a lack of knowledge about schizophrenia, particularly the negative symptoms that were not mentioned.

Kabir and Ashraful (2017) conducted a study that is an attempt to explore an empirical investigation on the search for psychological problems among the students in Bangladesh. The sample was composed of 300 respondents. A 2× 2×2 factorial design involving 2 levels of gender (male vs. female), 2 levels of residence (urban vs. rural) and 2 levels of students' category (science vs. humanities) were used. It was to study the psychological problems of 17 to 18 years old students. Four psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and eating disorder were found. These four problems are related with mentioned six categories at P at P<0.01 level and ANOVA were significant at P<0.05 level. It was found that students of humanities group were more vulnerable with these problems as compared to the students of science group.

On the other side, Furnham et al. (2011) had a study to explore the mental health literacy of students. This study is part of the growing interest in mental health literacy among young people. Design/methodology/approach -Over 400 university students indicated their knowledge of over 90 psychiatric illnesses labels derived from DSM:IV. They rated disorders on six questions concerning whether they had heard of the disorder; knew anybody with it; could define or describe it; knew what causes it; whether those with it can be cured; and whether it is common.

Findings -On average, participants had heard of just over one-third of the various illnesses. Those who rated the conditions as more common deemed them to have more known causes and to be more curable.

Emotionally intelligent, open-to-experience females who had studied relevant academic subjects claimed to be better informed. The participant's age and personality.

7. III. METHODOLOGY

The study will be carried out in university and will be applied on a sample of students with or without special needs. the study will adopt the descriptive method.

8. Study group:

The population of the study will be from university students Study sample: The researcher will choose two samples of university students: a group of university students with special needs, and a group of normal.

Tools: A battery of psychotic and mental illness using a computer that contains the following tests:

? Scale of neurodevelopmental disorders.

? Scale of Bipolar and related disorders.

? Anxiety Disorders scale.

? Scale of Trauma and stressor-Related disorders.

? Dissociative Disorders.

? The scale of problem solving disabilities.

? Scale of Feeding and eating disorders.

? Scale sleep -Wake disorders.

? Scale of Disruptive impulsive-Control and Conduct Disorders.

? Neurocognitive Disorders Scale.

? Personality Disorders Scale

9. Applied Study

This section discusses the descriptive analysis for study sample and study variable as following:

Descriptive analysis for study sample: A sample of 20 university students who suffer from mental disorders and developmental delays was selected as an experimental sample, and 20 university students from normal students were identified as a control sample, and in Table (1) a description of the two groups is presented. The previous table shows that the correlation coefficient of the lowest dimensions was 71.8%, means that the research tool is able to measure what it was designed to measure and reliable. The highest correlation coefficient was 88.3%, means that there is a strong relationship between all dimensions of the scale and purpose from measurement.

10. Descriptive Analysis for Study Tool Dimensions

Scale of neurodevelopmental disorders: The statistical analysis results of this dimension were as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests: The results of descriptive tests show in table (4). The previous table shows that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant deficiencies between Study Groups.

11. T-test for two Groups:

The T-test results shown in table (5) The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. It is clarify that the smallest mean was 1.2 for the normal group, but the greatest mean was 2.35 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.

12. Scale of Bipolar and related disorders:

The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow:

Frequency and Chi-square tests: The results of descriptive tests show in table ( 6) From the previous table, the results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.

13. T-test for two Groups:

The T-test results shown in table (7). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.2 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.00 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.

14. T-Test Results for D2

15. Anxiety Disorders scale:

The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests: The results of descriptive tests show in table (8). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.30 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.45 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.

16. Scale of Trauma and stressor-Related disorders:

The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (10). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.30 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.45 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.

Dissociative Disorders: The statistical analysis results of this dimension were as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (12). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.

The scale of problem-solving disabilities: The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (14). From the previous table results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.

17. T-test for two Groups:

The T-test results shown in table (15)

18. Scale of Feeding and eating disorders:

The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (16). From the previous table results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.

19. T-test for two Groups:

The T-test results shown in table (17) The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.

Scale Sleep -Wake Disorders: The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow:

Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table ( 18) The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.2 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.4 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two. The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.250 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.30 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.

20. Scale of Disruptive

Neurocognitive Disorders Scale: The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (22). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant shown between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.250 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.30 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.

21. Personality Disorders Scale:

The statistical analysis results of this dimension were as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (24). From the previous table results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.

22. T-Test for Two Groups:

The T-test results shown in table (25). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.20 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.30 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.

23. IV. CONCLUSION

It is clear from the results of the statistical analysis that the scale that was formulated during the study enjoys validity and stability, as the results of the Alpha Cronbach test indicate the reliability and validity of the scale, and the results of the correlation test indicate the validity and reliability of the scale and therefore it can be relied upon in completing the study and using it in diagnosis.

The results of the all dimensions of the scale indicate that the sample of students who suffer from disorders were more affected and vulnerable to problems resulting from drug abuse of various kinds, but the ordinary students were less affected and their problems did not worsen to the same degree, as the diagnosis was mostly at the level of mild disease.

The results of the chi-squared test also indicate that there are significant differences in the diagnosis of the control group from the test group, where the statistical significance of the test was less than 5%.

A T-test was conducted and the results for all dimensions of the scale indicated that there are fundamental differences between the diagnosis of each of the study groups, in favor of the first group, where the levels of problems and psychological and neurological disorders were higher in the experimental sample than the control sample, at a level of significance of 5%.

24. London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology

Building

Figure 1.
d an Norma Accor ing to l d the f h Fi t Statistica Diagnosis l
Note:

| | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 Building A Computerized Psychotic Disorders and Mental Illness Inventory for University Students with Special Needs

Figure 2. Table 1 :
1
London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology Frequency Percent 20 50.0 20 50.0 40 100.0 Reliability Tests of the Study Tool: This part presents the test of validity and reliability of the proposed Chi-Square df P-Value Groups students with special needs Normal .000 1 1.000 Total scale for the study, and to what extent this scale can be relied upon and used in diagnosing students' cases. This section will organize as follow: Reliability Tests: Reliability analysis allows you to study the properties of measurement scales and the items that compose the scales. The Reliability Analysis procedure calculates a number of commonly used measures of scale reliability and also provides information about the relationships between individual items in the scale. Test results shows in table (2). Table 2: Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .950 68 Case Processing Summary N %
Valid 38 95.0
Cases Excluded 2 5.0
Total 40 100.0
From the previous table the Cronbach's alpha was 95% this means that the research tool is reliable,
researcher can depend on it and complete the study procedures.
Consistency Tests of the Study tool: The consistency of research tool was test by correlation test to
know how every dimension measure the objective which related it. The results of correlation test in
table (3)
Building A Computerized Psychotic Disorders and Mental Illness Inventory for University Students with Special Needs
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26 | Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press
Figure 3. Table 3 :
3
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 Y
D1 Pearson Correlation 1
D2 Pearson Correlation .729 ** 1
D3 Pearson Correlation .827 ** .720 ** 1
D4 Pearson Correlation .647 ** .614 ** .674 ** 1
D5 Pearson Correlation .746 ** .591 ** .759 ** .727 ** 1
D6 Pearson Correlation .409 ** .485 ** .573 ** .588 ** .552 ** 1
D7 Pearson Correlation .668 ** .620 ** .725 ** .596 ** .663 ** .348 * 1
D8 Pearson Correlation .679 ** .727 ** .749 ** .747 ** .656 ** .492 ** .756 ** 1
D9 Pearson Correlation .596 ** .676 ** .667 ** .691 ** .730 ** .698 ** .534 ** .709 ** 1
D10 Pearson Correlation .629 ** .647 ** .704 ** .710 ** .709 ** .702 ** .540 ** .664 ** .799 * * 1
D11 Pearson Correlation .647 ** .614 ** .674 ** 1.000 ** .727 ** .588 ** .596 ** .747 ** .691 * * .710 ** 1
Y Pearson Correlation .803 ** .794 ** .866 ** .883 ** .857 ** .718 ** .759 ** .863 ** .860 ** .863 * * .883 ** 1
Figure 4. Table 4 :
4
Observed Expected Chi-Squa Asymp.
df
N N re Sig.
Note:

| Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology Building A Computerized Psychotic Disorders and Mental Illness Inventory for University Students with Special Needs

Figure 5. Table 5 :
5
T-Test for Equality of
Means
Study Groups N Mean
Sig.
T Df
(2-Tailed)
Intellectual disabilities, students with special needs 20 1.8500
Intellectual development disorder Normal 20 1.2000 3.193 38 .003
students with special needs 20 2.1000 3.193 28.0 .003
Delayed overall growth
Normal 20 1.3500 3.241 38 .002
students with special needs 20 2.3500 3.241 29.1 .003
Unspecified intellectual disability
Normal 20 1.2500 6.681 38 .000
students with special needs 20 2.1500 6.681 35.3 .000
Communication disorders
Normal 20 1.3000 3.474 38 .001
Language disorder, Speech sound students with special needs 20 1.4500 3.474 31.4 .002
disorder Normal 20 1.3500 .531 38 .599
Infantile onset of stuttering students with special needs 20 1.5000 .531 34.3 .599
fluency disorder, Practical social
communication disorder Normal 20 1.3000 .890 38 .379
Unspecified Communication students with special needs 20 1.7500 .890 37.8 .379
Disorder, Autism spectrum
disorder Normal 20 1.2500 2.330 38 .025
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity students with special needs 20 1.7000 2.330 28.6 .027
Disorder, Other Specific Attention
Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder,
Unspecified Attention Normal 20 1.2000 2.337 38 .025
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
students with special needs 20 1.9000 2.337 27.1 .027
Specific learning disorder
Normal 20 1.2500 3.025 38 .004
Note:

London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology 28 | | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 Building A Computerized Psychotic Disorders and Mental Illness Inventory for University Students with Special Needs d l d f h l the an Norma Accor ing to Fi t Statistica Diagnosis

Figure 6. Table 6 :
6
Observed N Expected N Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
mild disease 24
10.0
middle disease 13
Exaggerated or grandiose strong disease 2 10.0 35.000 a 3 .000
self-esteem. 10.0
deep disease 1
10.0
Total 40
mild disease 26
10.0
Decreased need for sleep (for middle disease 10
example, feeling rested after strong disease 3 10.0 38.600 a 3 .000
10.0
sleeping only 3 hours). deep disease 1
10.0
Total 40
mild disease 22
10.0
middle disease 13
More chatter than usual or strong disease 3 10.0 26.600 a 3 .000
pressure to keep talking. 10.0
deep disease 2
10.0
Total 40
mild disease 22
10.0
middle disease 13
Flying ideas or a personal strong disease 4 10.0 27.000 a 3 .000
experience of racing ideas. 10.0
deep disease 1
10.0
Total 40
mild disease 25
Distraction (easily diverting middle disease 10 10.0
attention to unimportant or strong disease 3 10.0 33.800 a 3 .000
irrelevant external stimuli). deep disease 2 10.0
As reported or observed. Total 40 10.0
Figure 7. Table 7 :
7
Normal 20 1.150 3.00 25.20 .006
More chatter than usual students with special needs 20 1.900 2.17 38 .036
or pressure to keep
talking. Normal 20 1.350 2.17 27.29 .039
Flying ideas or a personal students with special needs 20 2.000 3.76 38 .001
experience of racing
ideas. Normal 20 1.200 3.76 27.25 .001
Distraction (easily students with special needs 20 1.900 2.84 38 .007
diverting attention to
unimportant or irrelevant Normal 20 1.200 2.84 24.98 .009
external stimuli).
Figure 8. Table 8 :
8
Observed Expected
Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
N N
Note:

| | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 Building A Computerized Psychotic Disorders and Mental Illness Inventory for University Students with Special

Figure 9. Table 9 :
9
T-Test for Equality of
Means
Study Groups N Mean
Sig.
T Df
(2-Tailed)
students with
Repeated excessive discomfort) 20 1.7000 2.349 38 .024
special needs
of this view strongly.
Normal 20 1.2500 2.349 31.307 .025
A separation that forces students with
20 2.1000 3.048 38 .004
separation from someone who is special needs
very attached to his occurs Normal 20 1.2500 3.048 24.409 .005
(Continuous and interval, students with
20 2.0000 2.774 38 .009
middle, interval, foul) as disease, special needs
ratio, catastrophe, or the death. Normal 20 1.3000 2.774 30.701 .009
Continuous and excessive fear students with
20 2.1500 3.187 38 .003
that an unfortunate event will special needs
occur) such as being lost. Normal 20 1.2500 3.187 24.262 .004
Illness (will cause separation students with
20 2.0500 2.806 38 .008
from a person with whom he is special needs
related) Normal 20 1.3000 2.806 25.729 .009
Continuous objection or refusal students with
20 2.1500 3.204 38 .003
of an outsider to an outsider such special needs
as school, work or other places. Normal 20 1.3000 3.204 25.840 .004
Excessive persistent fear or students with
20 1.7000 1.125 38 .267
reluctance, because we are alone special needs
or open At home or other places. Normal 20 1.4000 1.125 30.490 .269
Figure 10. Table 10 :
10
mild disease 21
10.0
middle disease 12
Feeling unusually restless. strong disease 4 10.0 21.000 a 3 .000
10.0
deep disease 3
10.0
Total 40
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© 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press | Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 | 15 31
Note:

T-test for two Groups:The T-test results shown in table(11)

Figure 11. Table 11 :
11
T-Test for Equality of
Means
Std.
Study Groups N Mean
Deviation
Sig.
T Df
(2-Tailed)
students with special
20 2.1000 1.11921 2.746 38 .009
Feeling unusually restless. needs
Normal 20 1.3500 .48936 2.746 26.009 .011
students with special
Difficulty concentrating due to needs 20 1.9500 .94451 2.999 38 .005
anxiety.
Normal 20 1.2500 .44426 2.999 27.015 .006
students with special
Fear of something awful that needs 20 2.4000 .94032 4.430 38 .000
might happen.
Normal 20 1.3500 .48936 4.430 28.588 .000
students with special
20 2.5500 .82558 5.592 38 .000
needs
Feeling that the individual may
lose control of himself
Normal 20 1.3500 .48936 5.592 30.884 .000
Figure 12.
Building A Computerized Psychotic Disorders and Mental Illness Inventory for University Students with Special Needs
d an Norma Accor ing to l d the f h Fi t Statistica Diagnosis l
32 | Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press
Figure 13. Table 12 :
12
Asymp.
Observed N Expected N Chi-Square df
Sig.
Note:

From the previous table results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.T-test for two Groups: The T-test results shown in table(13)

Figure 14. Table 13 :
13
T-Test for Equality of Means
Sig.
T Df
(2-Tailed)
Figure 15. Table 14 :
14
Asymp.
Observed N Expected N Chi-Square Df
Sig.
Figure 16. Table 15 :
15
T-Test for Equality of Means
Study Groups N Mean Sig.
T Df
(2-Tailed)
students with special
20 1.8000 2.213 38 .033
Difficulties in mathematical thinking. needs
Normal 20 1.3000 2.213 28.755 .035
students with special
Poor ability to use feedback to infer rules 20 1.9000 2.924 38 .006
needs
and solve problems.
Normal 20 1.3000 2.924 31.005 .006
Controversy that may escalate into the students with special
20 2.1500 3.827 38 .000
threat of physical violence, avoiding needs
problem solving. Normal 20 1.3000 3.827 29.125 .001
d an Norma Accor ing to l d the f h Fi t Statistica Diagnosis l
Note:

The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.30 for the London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology 34 | | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0

Figure 17. Table 16 :
16
Observed Expected
Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
N N
Figure 18. Table 17 :
17
T-Test for Equality of Means
Sig.
T Df
(2-Tailed)
Figure 19. Table 18 :
18
Observed Expected Asymp.
Chi-Square df
N N Sig.
Note:

From the previous table results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.

Figure 20. Table 19 :
19
T-Test for Equality of
Means
Study
Sig. N Mean
Groups
t df (2-taile
d)
Figure 21. Table 20 :
20
Chi-Sq Asymp.
Observed N Expected N df
uare Sig.
Figure 22. Table 21 :
21
T-Test for Equality of
Means
Study Groups N Mean
Sig.
T Df
(2-Tailed)
Figure 23. Table 22 :
22
Observed Expected
Chi-Square Df Asymp. Sig.
N N
Figure 24. Table 23 :
23
T-Test for Equality of Means
Study Groups N Mean Sig.
T Df
(2-Tailed)
students with
20 2.1500 2.891 38 .006
This classification applies to cases in which special needs
symptoms characteristic of a
neurocognitive disorder that cause
clinically significant distress or impairment
Normal 20 1.3500 2.891 25.809 .008
in social, occupational, or other areas of
functioning predominate, but do not satisfy
The full criteria for diagnosing any of the students with
20 2.0500 2.915 38 .006
disorders from the category of special needs
neurocognitive disorders. Normal 20 1.3000 2.915 26.324 .007
The Unspecified Neurocognitive Disorder students with
20 2.1000 3.414 38 .002
category is used in cases in which an exact special needs
etiology cannot be determined to make a
Normal 20 1.2500 3.414 25.948 .002
firm diagnosis.
Figure 25. Table 24 :
24
Observed N Expected N Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
Figure 26. Table 25 :
25
T-Test for Equality of Means
Study Groups N Mean Sig.
T Df
(2-Tailed)
students with special needs 20 2.0500 3.116 36 .004
Ignite an intentional and
purposeful fire on more than one
occasion or opportunity. Normal 20 1.2222 3.239 25.678 .003
students with special needs 20 2.3000 3.955 38 .000
B Emotional tension or excitement
before the action
Normal 20 1.2000 3.955 23.573 .001
students with special needs 20 2.1500 3.971 38 .000
An increased sense of tension just
before the theft was committed. Normal 20 1.2000 3.971 25.366 .001
students with special needs 20 2.3000 5.858 38 .000
The feeling of pleasure, satisfaction,
or relief (relaxation) at the time of
the theft. Normal 20 1.2000 5.858 29.853 .000
Figure 27.
d an Norma Accor ing to l d the f h Fi t Statistica Diagnosis l
Note:

| | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0

Figure 28.
d an Norma Accor ing to l d d l d an Norma Accor ing to the the f h Fi t Statistica Diagnosis l f h l Fi t Statistica Diagnosis
Note:

| | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0

Appendix A

Appendix A.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author wish to acknowledge the approval and the support of this research study by grant no. 8-44301 Ffrom the Deanship of Scientific Research in Taif University in Arar, KSA

Appendix B

Appendix B.1

Students with Special Needs d l d f h l the an Norma Accor ing to Fi t Statistica Diagnosis

Appendix C

Appendix C.1 Conflict of Interest

The researchers have no conflict of interest.

Appendix C.2 Consent the Scientific Research Ethics Committee

The Scientific Research Ethics Committee at Taif University recently reviewed the request submitted by you to obtain the committee's approval of the research proposal shown below, knowing that the committee was approved by the National Bioethics Committee No. (O H A-O 2 -T -1 0 5). The proposal meets the requirements of Altaf University, and the ethical approval has been granted from the date (July 2022 -July 2023)

Appendix D

  1. , London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology
  2. Mental health literacy among university students. Adrian ; Furnham , Richard ; Cook , Neil ; Martin , Mark Batey . Journal of Public Mental Health 2011. 10 (4) p. .
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Date: 1970-01-01