Many college students may experience the persistence, exacerbation, or first onset of mental health and substance use problems, while possibly receiving no or inadequate treatment. With the increasing recognition of child mental health issues and the use of more psychotropic medications, the number of young adults with mental health problems entering college has significantly increased. For example, in a survey of 274 institutions, 88 % of counseling center directors reported an increase in "severe" psychological problems over the previous 5 years including learning disabilities, self-injury incidents, eating disorders, substance use, and sexual assaults. Thus, there is an increase in demand for counseling and specialized services. However, the increase in demands has not always corresponded to an increase in staff. In particular, counseling centers are in need of psychiatrists with expertise in treating traditional as well as non-traditional college students, two groups with specific age-related characteristics and challenges. In this commentary, the prevalence of psychiatric and substance use problems in college students, as well as their common onset, will be described. Next, the worrisome persistent nature of mental health problems among college students and its implication will be discussed. Finally, important treatment considerations for traditional and non-traditional college students will be outlined. (Pedreli et al., 2015:503).
The current study aims to build an objective tool using the computer to diagnose psychotic disorders and mental illness among university students, provided that the battery paragraphs are prepared from the exploratory study of measures of psychotic disorders and mental illness according to the fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM-5.
? Scale of neurodevelopmental disorders.
? Scale of Bipolar and related disorders.
? Anxiety Disorders scale.
? Scale of Trauma and stressor-Related disorders.
? Dissociative Disorders.
? The scale of problem solving disabilities.
? Scale of Feeding and eating disorders.
? Scale sleep -Wake disorders.
? Scale of Disruptive impulsive-Control and Conduct Disorders.
? Neurocognitive Disorders Scale.
? Personality Disorders Scale.
Theoretical importance: The theoretical importance of the current study lies in its handling of a new concept in contemporary psychological literature, which is the assessment of psychotic disorders and mental illness using a computer, according to the fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual as follows:
? Scale of neurodevelopmental disorders.
? Scale of Bipolar and related disorders.
? Anxiety Disorders scale.
? Scale of Trauma and stressor-Related disorders.
? Dissociative Disorders.
? The scale of problem solving disabilities.
? Scale of Feeding and eating disorders.
? Scale sleep -Wake disorders.
? Scale of Disruptive impulsive-Control and Conduct Disorders.
? Neurocognitive Disorders Scale.
? Personality Disorders Scale.
Which the Arab studies did not adequately address -as within the limits of the researcher's knowledgeand because of the importance of this computerized scale in the diagnostic curve of psychotic disorders and mental illnesses, and what it entails in reducing the impact of these disorders at the university level.
The applied importance of the current study lies in the possibility of using the list of psychotic disorders and computerized mental illnesses at the university stage, so that it can be developed and benefited from in the field of early diagnosis of these disorders and identifying their causes as a first step in diagnosis, and then preparing for the preparation of appropriate treatment programs and early intervention.
Attending college can be a stressful time for many students. In addition to coping with academic pressure, some students have to deal with the stressful tasks of separation and individuation from their family of origin while some may have to attend to numerous work and family responsibilities (Pedreli et al., 2015:503) Studies of the prevalence of personality disorders have been fewer and smaller-scale, but one broad Norwegian survey found a five-year prevalence of almost 1 in 7 (13.4%). Each year 73 million women are affected by major depression, and suicide is ranked 7th as the cause of death for women between the ages of 20-59. Psychotropic medications are available in Bangladesh but psychotherapy is hardly available Cadge et al. (2019) attempted to explore lay understanding and perceptions of schizophrenia in university students using Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis at The University of Birmingham, West Midlands. The study was applied on 20 UK home students of white British (n=5), Indian (n=5), Pakistani (n=5), African Caribbean (n=4) and dual white British and African Caribbean ethnicity (n=1). Findings revealed a lack of knowledge about schizophrenia, particularly the negative symptoms that were not mentioned.
Kabir and Ashraful (2017) conducted a study that is an attempt to explore an empirical investigation on the search for psychological problems among the students in Bangladesh. The sample was composed of 300 respondents. A 2× 2×2 factorial design involving 2 levels of gender (male vs. female), 2 levels of residence (urban vs. rural) and 2 levels of students' category (science vs. humanities) were used. It was to study the psychological problems of 17 to 18 years old students. Four psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and eating disorder were found. These four problems are related with mentioned six categories at P at P<0.01 level and ANOVA were significant at P<0.05 level. It was found that students of humanities group were more vulnerable with these problems as compared to the students of science group.
On the other side, Furnham et al. (2011) had a study to explore the mental health literacy of students. This study is part of the growing interest in mental health literacy among young people. Design/methodology/approach -Over 400 university students indicated their knowledge of over 90 psychiatric illnesses labels derived from DSM:IV. They rated disorders on six questions concerning whether they had heard of the disorder; knew anybody with it; could define or describe it; knew what causes it; whether those with it can be cured; and whether it is common.
Findings -On average, participants had heard of just over one-third of the various illnesses. Those who rated the conditions as more common deemed them to have more known causes and to be more curable.
Emotionally intelligent, open-to-experience females who had studied relevant academic subjects claimed to be better informed. The participant's age and personality.
The study will be carried out in university and will be applied on a sample of students with or without special needs. the study will adopt the descriptive method.
The population of the study will be from university students Study sample: The researcher will choose two samples of university students: a group of university students with special needs, and a group of normal.
Tools: A battery of psychotic and mental illness using a computer that contains the following tests:
? Scale of neurodevelopmental disorders.
? Scale of Bipolar and related disorders.
? Anxiety Disorders scale.
? Scale of Trauma and stressor-Related disorders.
? Dissociative Disorders.
? The scale of problem solving disabilities.
? Scale of Feeding and eating disorders.
? Scale sleep -Wake disorders.
? Scale of Disruptive impulsive-Control and Conduct Disorders.
? Neurocognitive Disorders Scale.
? Personality Disorders Scale
This section discusses the descriptive analysis for study sample and study variable as following:
Descriptive analysis for study sample: A sample of 20 university students who suffer from mental disorders and developmental delays was selected as an experimental sample, and 20 university students from normal students were identified as a control sample, and in Table (1) a description of the two groups is presented. The previous table shows that the correlation coefficient of the lowest dimensions was 71.8%, means that the research tool is able to measure what it was designed to measure and reliable. The highest correlation coefficient was 88.3%, means that there is a strong relationship between all dimensions of the scale and purpose from measurement.
Scale of neurodevelopmental disorders: The statistical analysis results of this dimension were as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests: The results of descriptive tests show in table (4). The previous table shows that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant deficiencies between Study Groups.
The T-test results shown in table (5) The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. It is clarify that the smallest mean was 1.2 for the normal group, but the greatest mean was 2.35 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.
The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow:
Frequency and Chi-square tests: The results of descriptive tests show in table ( 6) From the previous table, the results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.
The T-test results shown in table (7). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.2 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.00 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.
The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests: The results of descriptive tests show in table (8). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.30 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.45 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.
The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (10). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.30 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.45 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.
Dissociative Disorders: The statistical analysis results of this dimension were as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (12). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.
The scale of problem-solving disabilities: The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (14). From the previous table results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.
The T-test results shown in table (15)
The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (16). From the previous table results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.
The T-test results shown in table (17) The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.
Scale Sleep -Wake Disorders: The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow:
Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table ( 18) The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.2 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.4 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two. The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.250 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.30 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.
Neurocognitive Disorders Scale: The statistical analysis results of this dimension was as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (22). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant shown between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.250 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.30 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.
The statistical analysis results of this dimension were as follow: Frequency and Chi-square tests. The results of descriptive tests show in table (24). From the previous table results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.
The T-test results shown in table (25). The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.20 for the normal group, but the greater mean was 2.30 for students with special needs group, this means that the impact of drugs was strong on group two.
It is clear from the results of the statistical analysis that the scale that was formulated during the study enjoys validity and stability, as the results of the Alpha Cronbach test indicate the reliability and validity of the scale, and the results of the correlation test indicate the validity and reliability of the scale and therefore it can be relied upon in completing the study and using it in diagnosis.
The results of the all dimensions of the scale indicate that the sample of students who suffer from disorders were more affected and vulnerable to problems resulting from drug abuse of various kinds, but the ordinary students were less affected and their problems did not worsen to the same degree, as the diagnosis was mostly at the level of mild disease.
The results of the chi-squared test also indicate that there are significant differences in the diagnosis of the control group from the test group, where the statistical significance of the test was less than 5%.
A T-test was conducted and the results for all dimensions of the scale indicated that there are fundamental differences between the diagnosis of each of the study groups, in favor of the first group, where the levels of problems and psychological and neurological disorders were higher in the experimental sample than the control sample, at a level of significance of 5%.
Building
| d an Norma Accor ing to l d | the | f h Fi t Statistica Diagnosis l |
| | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 Building A Computerized Psychotic Disorders and Mental Illness Inventory for University Students with Special Needs
| London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology | Frequency Percent 20 50.0 20 50.0 40 100.0 Reliability Tests of the Study Tool: This part presents the test of validity and reliability of the proposed Chi-Square df P-Value Groups students with special needs Normal .000 1 1.000 Total scale for the study, and to what extent this scale can be relied upon and used in diagnosing students' cases. This section will organize as follow: Reliability Tests: Reliability analysis allows you to study the properties of measurement scales and the items that compose the scales. The Reliability Analysis procedure calculates a number of commonly used measures of scale reliability and also provides information about the relationships between individual items in the scale. Test results shows in table (2). Table 2: Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .950 68 Case Processing Summary N % | ||||
| Valid | 38 | 95.0 | |||
| Cases | Excluded | 2 | 5.0 | ||
| Total | 40 | 100.0 | |||
| From the previous table the Cronbach's alpha was 95% this means that the research tool is reliable, | |||||
| researcher can depend on it and complete the study procedures. | |||||
| Consistency Tests of the Study tool: The consistency of research tool was test by correlation test to | |||||
| know how every dimension measure the objective which related it. The results of correlation test in | |||||
| table (3) | |||||
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| 26 | | Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 | | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press | |||
| D1 | D2 D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 D9 D10 D11 Y | ||||||
| D1 Pearson Correlation | 1 | |||||||||||
| D2 Pearson Correlation .729 ** | 1 | |||||||||||
| D3 Pearson Correlation .827 ** | .720 ** | 1 | ||||||||||
| D4 Pearson Correlation .647 ** | .614 ** | .674 ** | 1 | |||||||||
| D5 Pearson Correlation .746 ** | .591 ** | .759 ** | .727 ** | 1 | ||||||||
| D6 Pearson Correlation .409 ** | .485 ** | .573 ** | .588 ** | .552 ** | 1 | |||||||
| D7 Pearson Correlation .668 ** | .620 ** | .725 ** | .596 ** | .663 ** | .348 * | 1 | ||||||
| D8 Pearson Correlation .679 ** | .727 ** | .749 ** | .747 ** | .656 ** | .492 ** | .756 ** | 1 | |||||
| D9 Pearson Correlation .596 ** | .676 ** | .667 ** | .691 ** | .730 ** | .698 ** | .534 ** | .709 ** | 1 | ||||
| D10 Pearson Correlation .629 ** | .647 ** | .704 ** | .710 ** | .709 ** | .702 ** | .540 ** | .664 ** .799 * * | 1 | ||||
| D11 Pearson Correlation .647 ** | .614 ** | .674 ** | 1.000 ** | .727 ** | .588 ** | .596 ** | .747 ** .691 * * | .710 ** | 1 | |||
| Y Pearson Correlation .803 ** | .794 ** | .866 ** | .883 ** | .857 ** | .718 ** | .759 ** | .863 ** .860 ** | .863 * * | .883 ** | 1 | ||
| Observed | Expected | Chi-Squa | Asymp. |
| df | |||
| N | N | re | Sig. |
| Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology Building A Computerized Psychotic Disorders and Mental Illness Inventory for University Students with Special Needs
| T-Test for Equality of | ||||||
| Means | ||||||
| Study Groups | N | Mean | ||||
| Sig. | ||||||
| T | Df | |||||
| (2-Tailed) | ||||||
| Intellectual disabilities, | students with special needs | 20 | 1.8500 | |||
| Intellectual development disorder | Normal | 20 | 1.2000 3.193 | 38 | .003 | |
| students with special needs | 20 | 2.1000 3.193 28.0 | .003 | |||
| Delayed overall growth | ||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.3500 3.241 | 38 | .002 | ||
| students with special needs | 20 | 2.3500 3.241 29.1 | .003 | |||
| Unspecified intellectual disability | ||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.2500 6.681 | 38 | .000 | ||
| students with special needs | 20 | 2.1500 6.681 35.3 | .000 | |||
| Communication disorders | ||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.3000 3.474 | 38 | .001 | ||
| Language disorder, Speech sound | students with special needs | 20 | 1.4500 3.474 31.4 | .002 | ||
| disorder | Normal | 20 | 1.3500 | .531 | 38 | .599 |
| Infantile onset of stuttering | students with special needs | 20 | 1.5000 | .531 | 34.3 | .599 |
| fluency disorder, Practical social | ||||||
| communication disorder | Normal | 20 | 1.3000 .890 | 38 | .379 | |
| Unspecified Communication | students with special needs | 20 | 1.7500 .890 37.8 | .379 | ||
| Disorder, Autism spectrum | ||||||
| disorder | Normal | 20 | 1.2500 2.330 | 38 | .025 | |
| Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity | students with special needs | 20 | 1.7000 2.330 28.6 | .027 | ||
| Disorder, Other Specific Attention | ||||||
| Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder, | ||||||
| Unspecified Attention | Normal | 20 | 1.2000 2.337 | 38 | .025 | |
| Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | ||||||
| students with special needs | 20 | 1.9000 2.337 27.1 | .027 | |||
| Specific learning disorder | ||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.2500 3.025 | 38 | .004 | ||
London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology 28 | | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 Building A Computerized Psychotic Disorders and Mental Illness Inventory for University Students with Special Needs d l d f h l the an Norma Accor ing to Fi t Statistica Diagnosis
| Observed N Expected N Chi-Square df | Asymp. Sig. | |||||
| mild disease | 24 | |||||
| 10.0 | ||||||
| middle disease | 13 | |||||
| Exaggerated or grandiose | strong disease | 2 | 10.0 | 35.000 a | 3 | .000 |
| self-esteem. | 10.0 | |||||
| deep disease | 1 | |||||
| 10.0 | ||||||
| Total | 40 | |||||
| mild disease | 26 | |||||
| 10.0 | ||||||
| Decreased need for sleep (for | middle disease | 10 | ||||
| example, feeling rested after | strong disease | 3 | 10.0 | 38.600 a | 3 | .000 |
| 10.0 | ||||||
| sleeping only 3 hours). | deep disease | 1 | ||||
| 10.0 | ||||||
| Total | 40 | |||||
| mild disease | 22 | |||||
| 10.0 | ||||||
| middle disease | 13 | |||||
| More chatter than usual or | strong disease | 3 | 10.0 | 26.600 a | 3 | .000 |
| pressure to keep talking. | 10.0 | |||||
| deep disease | 2 | |||||
| 10.0 | ||||||
| Total | 40 | |||||
| mild disease | 22 | |||||
| 10.0 | ||||||
| middle disease | 13 | |||||
| Flying ideas or a personal | strong disease | 4 | 10.0 | 27.000 a | 3 | .000 |
| experience of racing ideas. | 10.0 | |||||
| deep disease | 1 | |||||
| 10.0 | ||||||
| Total | 40 | |||||
| mild disease | 25 | |||||
| Distraction (easily diverting | middle disease | 10 | 10.0 | |||
| attention to unimportant or | strong disease | 3 | 10.0 | 33.800 a | 3 | .000 |
| irrelevant external stimuli). | deep disease | 2 | 10.0 | |||
| As reported or observed. | Total | 40 | 10.0 | |||
| Normal | 20 | 1.150 | 3.00 25.20 | .006 | ||||
| More chatter than usual | students with special needs 20 | 1.900 | 2.17 | 38 | .036 | |||
| or pressure to keep | ||||||||
| talking. | Normal | 20 | 1.350 | 2.17 | 27.29 | .039 | ||
| Flying ideas or a personal | students with special needs 20 | 2.000 3.76 | 38 | .001 | ||||
| experience | of | racing | ||||||
| ideas. | Normal | 20 | 1.200 | 3.76 27.25 | .001 | |||
| Distraction | (easily | students with special needs 20 | 1.900 2.84 | 38 | .007 | |||
| diverting attention to | ||||||||
| unimportant or irrelevant | Normal | 20 | 1.200 2.84 24.98 | .009 | ||||
| external stimuli). | ||||||||
| Observed | Expected |
| Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig. | |
| N | N |
| | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 Building A Computerized Psychotic Disorders and Mental Illness Inventory for University Students with Special
| T-Test for Equality of | |||||||
| Means | |||||||
| Study Groups | N Mean | ||||||
| Sig. | |||||||
| T | Df | ||||||
| (2-Tailed) | |||||||
| students with | |||||||
| Repeated excessive discomfort) | 20 1.7000 2.349 | 38 | .024 | ||||
| special needs | |||||||
| of this view strongly. | |||||||
| Normal | 20 1.2500 2.349 31.307 | .025 | |||||
| A | separation | that | forces | students with | |||
| 20 2.1000 3.048 | 38 | .004 | |||||
| separation from someone who is | special needs | ||||||
| very attached to his occurs | Normal | 20 1.2500 3.048 24.409 | .005 | ||||
| (Continuous | and | interval, | students with | ||||
| 20 2.0000 2.774 | 38 | .009 | |||||
| middle, interval, foul) as disease, | special needs | ||||||
| ratio, catastrophe, or the death. | Normal | 20 1.3000 2.774 30.701 | .009 | ||||
| Continuous and excessive fear | students with | ||||||
| 20 2.1500 3.187 | 38 | .003 | |||||
| that an unfortunate event will | special needs | ||||||
| occur) such as being lost. | Normal | 20 1.2500 3.187 24.262 | .004 | ||||
| Illness (will cause separation | students with | ||||||
| 20 2.0500 2.806 | 38 | .008 | |||||
| from a person with whom he is | special needs | ||||||
| related) | Normal | 20 1.3000 2.806 25.729 | .009 | ||||
| Continuous objection or refusal | students with | ||||||
| 20 2.1500 3.204 | 38 | .003 | |||||
| of an outsider to an outsider such | special needs | ||||||
| as school, work or other places. | Normal | 20 1.3000 3.204 25.840 | .004 | ||||
| Excessive persistent fear or | students with | ||||||
| 20 1.7000 1.125 | 38 | .267 | |||||
| reluctance, because we are alone | special needs | ||||||
| or open At home or other places. | Normal | 20 1.4000 1.125 30.490 | .269 | ||||
| mild disease | 21 | ||||||
| 10.0 | |||||||
| middle disease | 12 | ||||||
| Feeling unusually restless. | strong disease | 4 | 10.0 | 21.000 a | 3 | .000 | |
| 10.0 | |||||||
| deep disease | 3 | ||||||
| 10.0 | |||||||
| Total | 40 | ||||||
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| © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press | | Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 | | 15 31 | |||||
T-test for two Groups:The T-test results shown in table(11)
| T-Test for Equality of | |||||||
| Means | |||||||
| Std. | |||||||
| Study Groups | N | Mean | |||||
| Deviation | |||||||
| Sig. | |||||||
| T | Df | ||||||
| (2-Tailed) | |||||||
| students with special | |||||||
| 20 | 2.1000 | 1.11921 | 2.746 | 38 | .009 | ||
| Feeling unusually restless. | needs | ||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.3500 | .48936 | 2.746 26.009 | .011 | ||
| students with special | |||||||
| Difficulty concentrating due to | needs | 20 | 1.9500 | .94451 | 2.999 | 38 | .005 |
| anxiety. | |||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.2500 | .44426 | 2.999 27.015 | .006 | ||
| students with special | |||||||
| Fear of something awful that | needs | 20 | 2.4000 | .94032 | 4.430 | 38 | .000 |
| might happen. | |||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.3500 | .48936 | 4.430 28.588 | .000 | ||
| students with special | |||||||
| 20 | 2.5500 | .82558 | 5.592 | 38 | .000 | ||
| needs | |||||||
| Feeling that the individual may | |||||||
| lose control of himself | |||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.3500 | .48936 | 5.592 30.884 | .000 | ||
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| d an Norma Accor ing to l d | the | f h Fi t Statistica Diagnosis l | |
| 32 | | Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0 | | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press | |
| Asymp. |
| Observed N Expected N Chi-Square df |
| Sig. |
From the previous table results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.T-test for two Groups: The T-test results shown in table(13)
| T-Test for Equality of Means | |
| Sig. | |
| T | Df |
| (2-Tailed) | |
| Asymp. |
| Observed N Expected N Chi-Square Df |
| Sig. |
| T-Test for Equality of Means | ||||||||
| Study Groups | N | Mean | Sig. | |||||
| T | Df | |||||||
| (2-Tailed) | ||||||||
| students with special | ||||||||
| 20 | 1.8000 | 2.213 | 38 | .033 | ||||
| Difficulties in mathematical thinking. | needs | |||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.3000 | 2.213 | 28.755 | .035 | |||
| students with special | ||||||||
| Poor ability to use feedback to infer rules | 20 | 1.9000 2.924 | 38 | .006 | ||||
| needs | ||||||||
| and solve problems. | ||||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.3000 2.924 | 31.005 | .006 | ||||
| Controversy that may escalate into the | students with special | |||||||
| 20 | 2.1500 | 3.827 | 38 | .000 | ||||
| threat of physical violence, avoiding | needs | |||||||
| problem solving. | Normal | 20 | 1.3000 | 3.827 | 29.125 | .001 | ||
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The previous table shows that most elements have a significant level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups. We can show that the less mean was 1.30 for the London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology 34 | | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0
| Observed | Expected |
| Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig. | |
| N | N |
| T-Test for Equality of Means | |
| Sig. | |
| T | Df |
| (2-Tailed) | |
| Observed | Expected | Asymp. |
| Chi-Square df | ||
| N | N | Sig. |
From the previous table results show that most elements have a lot of observation at mild disease level, but there are cases at middle and strong level, the chai square was at the level less than 5%, this means that there are significant differences between Study Groups.
| T-Test for Equality of | ||||
| Means | ||||
| Study | ||||
| Sig. | N | Mean | ||
| Groups | ||||
| t | df | (2-taile | ||
| d) | ||||
| Chi-Sq | Asymp. |
| Observed N Expected N | df |
| uare | Sig. |
| T-Test for Equality of | |||
| Means | |||
| Study Groups | N | Mean | |
| Sig. | |||
| T | Df | ||
| (2-Tailed) | |||
| Observed | Expected |
| Chi-Square Df Asymp. Sig. | |
| N | N |
| T-Test for Equality of Means | |||||||||||
| Study Groups N | Mean | Sig. | |||||||||
| T | Df | ||||||||||
| (2-Tailed) | |||||||||||
| students with | |||||||||||
| 20 | 2.1500 | 2.891 | 38 | .006 | |||||||
| This classification applies to cases in which | special needs | ||||||||||
| symptoms | characteristic | of | a | ||||||||
| neurocognitive | disorder that cause | ||||||||||
| clinically significant distress or impairment | |||||||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.3500 | 2.891 | 25.809 | .008 | ||||||
| in social, occupational, or other areas of | |||||||||||
| functioning predominate, but do not satisfy | |||||||||||
| The full criteria for diagnosing any of the | students with | ||||||||||
| 20 | 2.0500 | 2.915 | 38 | .006 | |||||||
| disorders | from | the | category | of | special needs | ||||||
| neurocognitive disorders. | Normal | 20 | 1.3000 | 2.915 | 26.324 | .007 | |||||
| The Unspecified Neurocognitive Disorder | students with | ||||||||||
| 20 | 2.1000 | 3.414 | 38 | .002 | |||||||
| category is used in cases in which an exact | special needs | ||||||||||
| etiology cannot be determined to make a | |||||||||||
| Normal | 20 | 1.2500 | 3.414 | 25.948 | .002 | ||||||
| firm diagnosis. | |||||||||||
| Observed N Expected N Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig. |
| T-Test for Equality of Means | ||||||||
| Study Groups | N | Mean | Sig. | |||||
| T | Df | |||||||
| (2-Tailed) | ||||||||
| students with special needs 20 2.0500 3.116 | 36 | .004 | ||||||
| Ignite | an | intentional | and | |||||
| purposeful fire on more than one | ||||||||
| occasion or opportunity. | Normal | 20 1.2222 | 3.239 | 25.678 | .003 | |||
| students with special needs 20 2.3000 3.955 | 38 | .000 | ||||||
| B Emotional tension or excitement | ||||||||
| before the action | ||||||||
| Normal | 20 1.2000 3.955 | 23.573 | .001 | |||||
| students with special needs 20 2.1500 | 3.971 | 38 | .000 | |||||
| An increased sense of tension just | ||||||||
| before the theft was committed. | Normal | 20 1.2000 3.971 | 25.366 | .001 | ||||
| students with special needs 20 2.3000 5.858 | 38 | .000 | ||||||
| The feeling of pleasure, satisfaction, | ||||||||
| or relief (relaxation) at the time of | ||||||||
| the theft. | Normal | 20 1.2000 5.858 29.853 | .000 | |||||
| d an Norma Accor ing to l d | the | f h Fi t Statistica Diagnosis l |
| | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0
| d an Norma Accor ing to l d d l d an Norma Accor ing to | the the | f h Fi t Statistica Diagnosis l f h l Fi t Statistica Diagnosis |
| | © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 Issue 2 ?"? Compilation 1.0
The author wish to acknowledge the approval and the support of this research study by grant no. 8-44301 Ffrom the Deanship of Scientific Research in Taif University in Arar, KSA
Students with Special Needs d l d f h l the an Norma Accor ing to Fi t Statistica Diagnosis
The researchers have no conflict of interest.
The Scientific Research Ethics Committee at Taif University recently reviewed the request submitted by you to obtain the committee's approval of the research proposal shown below, knowing that the committee was approved by the National Bioethics Committee No. (O H A-O 2 -T -1 0 5). The proposal meets the requirements of Altaf University, and the ethical approval has been granted from the date (July 2022 -July 2023)
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